Ansible automation platform error initializing source docker.
Ansible automation platform error initializing source docker So I have a problem since I work almost entirely in Windows environments, and I have been slowly learning Linux and Ansible in the Mar 12, 2024 · This is a chip architecture and OS that Oracle was never designed to run on. The community. Tower Installation Scenarios¶. io instead of registry. Unless I'm mistaken, that tag exists in Docker Hub, however I notice that it doesn't appear on the tags list. Ansible uses container images known as Execution Environments (EE) that act as control nodes. docker pull clkao/postgres-plv8:10-2 and, in a compose file, postgres: image: clkao/postgres-plv8:10-2 But receive a manifest not found exception. example. This issue occurs with both public and private images. io, but every time I try to, I got a message saying, that authentication is required, but Mar 16, 2020 · I had have docker, but it has conflicts with my Fedora 31 and I had to remove docker: dnf remove docker-ce rm -rf /var/lib/docker because Podman is more suitable to work with. Which will rebuild the container and reinstall the ansible-runner. This user is responsible for the installation of containeri May 31, 2021 · Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Please be sure to answer the question. This is known bug which has been taken care in AAP 2. io/library try to use registry. 3Docker的用途1. Nov 22, 2023 · Thank you. I tried it dozens of times thinking the environment didn't exist yet, bu A Red Hat subscription provides unlimited access to our knowledgebase, tools, and much more. Aug 25, 2020 · Next, let's use the "molecule" command to initialize a new Ansible role. 6+ A Red Hat subscription provides unlimited access to our knowledgebase, tools, and much more. Are you sure you want to request a translation? We appreciate your interest in having Red Hat content localized to your language. Base: uses Podman or Docker to pull the base image you defined, then installs the Python version (if defined and different from any Python on the base image), pip, ansible-runner, and ansible-core or ansible. 0 (embedded in binary) CRC status CRC VM: Running OpenShift: Running (v4. 2什么是Docker容器1. 公式サイトにある手順通りDockerをインストールしたら、docker pullが出来ませんでした。. I have tried this in WSL Ubuntu, Amazonlinux Trying to pull Docker… WARN[0018] failed, retrying in 1s … (1/3). yml will remove the ~/aap/tls/ structure and next install force extracted folder to be created with mode from subdirs in the task “Create the PKI directories”, which should be 0755). The containerized Ansible Automation Platform represents a significant step towards improving this management experience. x, Container Execution Environments(EEs) are deleted from the Ansible Controller podman local cache. check_config_static : Fail if Automation Controller host is localhost] *** One word of caution here is to always look Dec 5, 2021 · You signed in with another tab or window. Oct 21, 2023 · TASK [ansible. 11 Red Hat Container Catalog moved from registry. Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2. 2 based host. Generally speaking, when developing a new Ansible role, you initialize it by running the "ansible-galaxy role init" command. (amd64) 3. Subsequently, I was able to successfully authenticate using my redhat associate credentials with podman as follows Dec 13, 2021 · 文章目录前言：本篇博客主要简述了Docker的一些概念及Docker入门一、Docker简述1. 5 Developing automation content 4 Error: trying to reuse blob xxxx at destination: Requesting bearer token: invalid status code from registry 504 (Gateway Timeout) At the same moment I'm able to pull images (from the PAH). io/rhai May 17, 2023 · 2. A non-root user for the RHEL host, with sudo or other Ansible supported privilege escalation (sudo recommended). A Subreddit dedicated to fostering communication in the Ansible Community, includes Ansible, AWX, Ansible Tower, Ansible Galaxy, ansible-lint, Molecule, etc. 12, and 2. com インストールガイドは日本語版も公開されている。 本エントリは2021. 0 Kubernetes version: v1. Aug 29, 2024 · Tour Start here for a quick overview of the site Help Center Detailed answers to any questions you might have Are you sure you want to update a translation? It seems an existing English Translation exists already. io/ansible/awx-ee # --container-runtime=docker # Is podman by default This guide describes how to develop Ansible automation content and how to use it to run automation jobs from Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform. Creating and Configuring the Project. Ansible, an open-source automation tool, simplifies IT operations by automating tasks such as configuration management, application deployment, and provisioning. The prerequisites and other Ansible modules are already installed and ready to connect to your environment. 1. 08 Feb 11, 2022 · Hi Felix, Thanks for this info. docker. Jul 27, 2017 · Encountered this Docker version 18. Nov 25, 2022 · 官方是这样定义Ansible的：Ansible is a radically simple IT automation platform. local), but I cannot pull images. 1Docker是什么？1. Dec 7, 2023 · OK, I know I am a Red Hat employee, but I need help, and I assume other folks will hit this, so I would rather get help online, in the open, so everyone will benefit when someone helps me out :pray: I routinely will bui… creating the undercloud fails when it tries to pull the docker containers from registry. Mar 10, 2024 · Hello, I'm lab on my local environment with RHEL9. As a workaround Private Automation Hub can be bypassed and remote registry can be directly configured into controller Feb 18, 2021 · STEP 1: FROM alpine Error: error creating build container: The following failures happened while trying to pull image specified by "alpine" based on search registries in /etc/containers/registries. 0 Early Access)を手元の環境へインストールしてみる。開発者ライセンスがあればOKの模様。 access. Ansible, a powerful open-source… May 26, 2023 · Red Hat Runtimes Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Red Hat Data Grid Jul 14, 2023 · You signed in with another tab or window. local systemd[1]: Starting Mar 10, 2023 · The issue was that when running the motd-facts. /context/Dockerfile -t image:tag . 4. May 19, 2023 · Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform All Product Docs May 17 23:50:47 localhost. Am I doing something wrong? Mar 9, 2022 · ISSUE TYPE Bug Report SUMMARY I cannot pull the awx image from my Gitlab private container registry, yet the other image dependencies are pulling fine. For example, tcp://192. Use the Troubleshooting Ansible Automation Platform guide to troubleshoot your Ansible Automation Platform installation. When running a job from Ansible Automation Platform containerized installation and using the container image from the Private Automation Hub registry repository, the Job fails with the following Job fails with failed to verify certificate. Nov 11, 2023 · I am not able to pull the any of the images from the docker hub. 0 Early Access Homepage - Red Hat Customer Portal 巷で流行っている次期Ansible TowerになるAnsible Automation Platform (2. Oct 18, 2022 · Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform Cloud Computing Red Hat OpenShift (2/3). Command to use: % ansible-builder build --container-runtime docker -v3 -t <EE TAG NAME> <CONTEXT NAME> Below is the outcome from my command: Ansible Builder is building your execution environment image. May 23, 2018 · I'm trying to download a tagged docker image. Mind you I did not take care of the Ansible Environment; I did most of the development for the company I was working for. But I am not able to pull any fresh image from the docker hub. yml │ └── setup-local-registry. Please migrate to community. We appreciate your interest in having Red Hat content localized to your language. It gathers information that is often needed for debugging issues, including resource definitions and service logs. xml May 5, 2025 · Synopsis. 1. So, I tried the same with podman, using the pull secret file for authentication: May 16, 2024 · Hello all, After working creating Job Templates in Ansible Automation Platform 2. 4-2 from Ansible Automation Platform 2. Academy. Error: initializing source docker://amazonlinux:latest: Get “https Feb 20, 2020 · General information OS: Windows Hypervisor: Hyper-V Did you run crc setup before starting it Yes? CRC version crc version: 1. 3 release. I can logged into controller as LDAP user as well as Admin user. 6Docker核心概念二、使用步骤1. Unfamiliar with EE's always used venvs in the past. conf: * "localhost/alpine": Error initializing source docker://localhost/alpine:latest: error pinging docker registry localhost: Get https To start troubleshooting Ansible Automation Platform, use the must-gather command on OpenShift Container Platform or the sos utility on a VM-based installation to collect configuration and diagnostic information. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. 09. 3. ENVIRONMENT AWX version: 0. Connect to the Docker daemon by providing parameters with each task or by defining environment variables. target After=network-online. access. I did not aware of this K8S inventory plugin option. 引入库2. 17. All container images available through the Red Hat Container Catalog are hosted on an image registry, registry. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub. 4Docker与虚拟化1. 10. service # autogenerated by Podman 3. docker_image_load module – Load docker image(s) from archives. 0 Open Source license. The registry has a certificate signed by our custom CA. This affects the modules docker_container, docker_container_exec, docker_container_info, docker_compose, docker_login, docker_image, docker_image_info, docker_image_load, docker_host_info, docker_network, docker_network_info, docker_node_info, docker_swarm_info, docker_swarm_service, docker_swarm_service_info, docker_volume_info, and docker Jan 10, 2024 · Subscribe to the YouTube channel, Medium, and Website, X (formerly Twitter) to not miss the next episode of the Ansible Pilot. If you are using The oc adm must-gather command line interface (CLI) command collects information from your Ansible Automation Platform installation deployed on OpenShift Container Platform. EEs remove complexity to scale out automation projects and make things like deployment operations much more straightforward. com to registry. All three later stages of the build process build on the output of the Base stage. This module uses docker-compose v1, which is End of Life since July 2022. docker_image_info module – Inspect docker images. Minimal OS base install is recommended. yml ├── playbooks │ ├── deploy-deps. exceptions. dev. Click on the "Add" to create a new project. Jun 17, 2022 · Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Advertising Reach devs & technologists worldwide about your product, service or employer brand And we use docker_image again but this time with load_path and source: load to import the image back on the server: 4: the force_source flag tells the server to attempt the import, even if an image of that name already exists. 3 and subcribed. Jan 24, 2017 · the only change that I had done was to move the underlying registry folder on the local docker instance node from /docker-registry to /mnt/nfs/docker-registry. Error: initializing source docker://rockylinux:9. May 31, 2023 · A Red Hat subscription provides unlimited access to our knowledgebase, tools, and much more. docker build -f . docker_image_pull module – Pull Docker images from registries. docker_compose_v2. yml ├── postgres │ └── DockerFile └── rabbitmq ├── DockerFile └── i Jun 25, 2022 · I have a problem regarding pulling with podman from docker. As per below RH support it seems it’s a bug. target [Service] Environment=PODMAN_SYSTEMD_UNIT=%n Restart=on-failure TimeoutStopSec=70 ExecStart=/usr/bin May 17, 2024 · After upgrading Ansible Automation Platform 2. Nov 27, 2023 · Here one example of the connection debug. yaml, but I g Aug 21, 2024 · ah ok, I did it by first running the uninstall playbook (uninstall. io. xyz. 读入数据总结 前言： 本篇博客主要简述了Docker的一些概念及Docker入门 一、Docker简述 1. 6 Just started playing around with AAP but have used AWX for years. Initializing a New Ansible Role. Apr 21, 2021 · RUN pip3 uninstall --yes ansible-runner && pip3 install ansible-runner==2. localdomain podman[5954]: Error: initializing source docker://registry. May 15, 2025 · The URL or Unix socket path used to connect to the Docker API. Apr 12, 2024 · Tried both docker and podman, and from both docker. Nov 26, 2022 · You signed in with another tab or window. You need a full VM emulating an Intel CPU (or better yet using a real Intel CPU and not an emulation) and running Oracle Linux on which to run your docker container. 4/inventory location, containing parameters such as the hostname, passwords, and credentials for host the container registry. When I rsync'd the files, something must have affected the manifest sha sum. 1Docker是什么？ A Red Hat subscription provides unlimited access to our knowledgebase, tools, and much more. com. Apr 12, 2023 · You signed in with another tab or window. Parameters. 0a1. Members Online Noobie question - I setup AWX but none of my prexisting Hosts, Playbooks, etc from RHEL controller are there Nov 1, 2021 · A Red Hat subscription provides unlimited access to our knowledgebase, tools, and much more. どういうこっちゃ！ First, install ansible-builder. You can define DOCKER_HOST, DOCKER_TLS_HOSTNAME, DOCKER_API_VERSION, DOCKER_CERT_PATH, DOCKER_TLS, DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY and DOCKER_TIMEOUT. HTTPError: 401 Client Error: Unauthorized for url: https://registry May 15, 2025 · You can run Ansible automation in containers, like any other modern software application. Dec 2, 2022 · For the past two days, I haven't been able to pull any images from the GitHub Container Registry (GHCR). 0+8ef676f OpenShift version: 4. In ansible-core 2. conf `will be used. 0 and later, the system operates as if you already have a container registry up and running. automation_platform_installer. docker_image_remove module – Remove Jan 24, 2024 · Red Hat Runtimes Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Red Hat Data Grid Mirror registry fails in disconnected environment with missing or incorrect pause image Nov 3, 2022 · Ansible execution environments (EE) were introduced in Ansible Automation Platform 2 to provide a defined, consistent and portable environment for executing automation jobs. 3, and I'm first pulling the default Ansible 2. You can attach the output of these utilities to your support case. Examples. This option has been removed in RHEL 8. Jul 17, 2015 · RHEL7. 0) seems to be the proper way to use a pre-loaded EE and navigator does not prompt for authentication. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the executable that produces the output you are currently reading. Mar 27, 2024 · Error now is Error: initializing source docker://private. Then run the following command from the root of this repo: $ ansible-builder build -v3 -t quay. When using the command to list the inventory output, I found it displayed too much unnecessary information, which is not happening at all in the teaching video. In this case, instead use "molecule" to initialize the new role. I try to pull rootless an image from docker. If you are using docker machine, run the script shipped with the product that sets up the environment. Playbooks are in github . Jul 26, 2024 · When running a playbook through a job template on Ansible Automation Platform (AAP) running on a custom execution environment (EE), we have a task that has the remote host delegate a task to a container running on the host and the task fails with the error: Aug 21, 2024 · followed the instructions in the following video and when I get to the task “Initialize the automation eda database” I get the following error msg: Can't run container automation-eda-init stderr: |- … Apr 7, 2021 · I find it odd Podman is trying to initializing source of docker, when I'm using the local registry of Quay. Feb 17, 2024 · Getting image source signatures Checking if image destination supports signatures Copying blob 4a22b5338626 skipped: already exists Copying blob 161ea1f419fb skipped: already exists Copying blob 72e13691cee8 skipped: already exists Copying blob 74e0c06e5eac skipped: already exists Copying config 996b5c1825 done Writing manifest to image Jul 12, 2023 · Executing GCP Instance Deployment with Using Ansible Automation Platform. search]` from `registries. docker_swarm module allows you to globally configure Docker Swarm manager nodes to join and leave swarms, and to change the Docker Swarm configuration. If the image is already present in cache, the image pull is happening correctly. 1でDockerを入れてつまっとこ. Error: initializing source docker://registry. I used my email accidentally (it requests username of course), but it still worked? Jul 29, 2023 · In the world of modern IT infrastructure, automation has become a crucial aspect of streamlining deployment processes and managing complex systems efficiently. Ansible就是一个简单的自动化运维工具。到目前为止，成熟的自动化运维工具已经不少了，但是Ansible在运维界一直保持着领先的地位，并有着活跃的开发社区。 May 15, 2025 · Ansible Configuration Settings; Controlling how Ansible behaves: precedence rules; YAML Syntax; Python 3 Support; Interpreter Discovery; Releases and maintenance; Testing Strategies; Sanity Tests; Frequently Asked Questions; Glossary; Ansible Reference: Module Utilities; Special Variables; Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform; Ansible Automation Apr 11, 2022 · /kind bug Description I can podman login into our internal harbor registry (say, registry. 2, I am trying to work on setting up something similar in AWX. Reload to refresh your session. redhat. With OpenShift Container Platform 3. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it to your terminal. Then rerun the docker build command that the Ansible builder provided. The installation logs were throwing the error: // No proxy settings bootstrap. On Ansible Automation Platform 2. 11, 2. 0) A Red Hat subscription provides unlimited access to our knowledgebase, tools, and much more. Oct 5, 2020 · Using Docker container images for housing infrastructure automation tools like Ansible makes a lot of sense, since it offers an easy and very agile way to get Ansible up and running. If TLS is used to encrypt the connection, the module will automatically replace tcp in the connection URL with https. It sounds like I can use a… A Red Hat subscription provides unlimited access to our knowledgebase, tools, and much more. The only thing I see is the control socket does not exist anymore. To connect to a remote host, provide the TCP connection string. Jul 26, 2024 · When running a playbook through a job template on Ansible Automation Platform (AAP) running on a custom execution environment (EE), we have a task that has the remote host delegate a task to a container running on the host and the task fails with the error: Aug 21, 2024 · followed the instructions in the following video and when I get to the task “Initialize the automation eda database” I get the following error msg: Can't run container automation-eda-init stderr: |- … When I launched a job, it failed with the below error. Dec 22, 2024 · Docker Automation with Ansible. If set to true Yum will download packages and metadata from this repo in parallel, if possible. The bootstrap node was not booting up as it wasn't able to pull the images from quay. Thank again, very much appreciated your help. 9 image that comes with the platform install to my controller node I'm running it from. docker_swarm inventory plugin allows you to dynamically add all Docker Swarm nodes to your Ansible inventory. 2. 0 Operator version: 0. Login to a container registry server using the podman login command If the registry is not specified, the first registry under `[registries. Configure the inventory file for Ansible Automation Platform installation. Sep 4, 2021 · Directory Structure build ├── docker-compose. 6+ Mar 9, 2022 · ISSUE TYPE Bug Report SUMMARY I cannot pull the awx image from my Gitlab private container registry, yet the other image dependencies are pulling fine. keeping that issue aside, once I install ansible-navigator and try to use it, Dec 3, 2024 · I have 2 servers; 1st have internet access (Online) and 2nd doesn’t have internet access (Offline). 20220720: pinging container Sep 16, 2023 · Solved: See my previous topic on DO374 workstation VM being on RHEL8. 0 of community. 10 based server and was able get the subscription for ansible automation platform. com to open a request. hub/ee-supported-rhel8:latest: Requesting bearer token: invalid status code from registry 403 (forbidden) DEBU[0001] Error pulling candidate xxxx/vmware:latest: initializing image from source docker://xxxxx/vmware:latest: unsupported schema version 2 Resolution. Now I want to deploy the pod using this description by using podman play kube mypod. In some customers, basically, we had a Dockerfile (generated previously by the builder) and then when we needed to add something we were just modifying the dockerfile to add what's needed and a pipeline was running the dockerfile - in some extends the process is the same, as per my understanding, but Nov 30, 2023 · 3. 6. I have tried using both CMD and Windows In earlier versions of Ansible Automation Platform, you were required to deploy a registry to store execution environment images. /context. Aug 10, 2021 · podman generate systemd --name splunksyslog # container-splunksyslog. Sep 4, 2023 · Hi, After I set up crc locally, I was facing issues when trying to deploy anything that would require an image pull from registry. You signed out in another tab or window. Upon extracting the bundle, an inventory file is generated under ansible-automation-platform- containerized-setup-bundle-2. 13 the default value is true. 23:2376. docker_swarm module. Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform All Products Downloads and Containers Downloads Packages (1/3). We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Many thanks for sharing it! I'll give a try to see if using that Image I'm able to build it. io/rhai Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform All Products Downloads and Containers Downloads Packages (1/3). . Just some background on how I built it, I'm using podman and ansible-builder from one of my controller nodes in Automation Platform 2. The URL or Unix socket path used to connect to the Docker API. A RHEL 9. Tower can be installed using one of the following scenarios: Single Machine:. com which is defined in project pom. Requirements. 2-dev # Tue Aug 10 15:16:34 GMT 2021 [Unit] Description=Podman container-splunksyslog. Providing feedback on Red Hat documentation If you have a suggestion to improve this documentation, or find an error, you can contact technical support at https://access. Sep 30, 2022 · This is another problem. Sep 19, 2020 · I generated a pod description using podman generate kube mypod > mypod. 0, build 4d60db4 (Docker for Windows). Under the hood, it relies on cutting-edge Open Source technologies such as Redis, PostgreSQL, Django, and Python. Provide details and share your research! But avoid …. Error: Error initializing source docker://registry. 5Docker与虚拟化1. io/ansible-automation-platform-20-early-access/ee-supported-rhel8:2. automation. 0: unable to retrieve auth token: invalid username/password: unauthorized: Please login to the Red Hat Registry using your Customer Portal credentials. 0. I signed into Docker via the UI after doing a Factory Reset of the installation. io and other registries, and in all cases, I get the same errors: $ podman pull --log-level debug docker. Jul 27, 2024 · Strated with the RHEL 8. Apr 17, 2024 · Ansible complements Docker by providing a powerful, open-source automation tool that utilizes an easy-to-understand YAML syntax to automate intricate IT tasks such as software deployment, configuration management, and service orchestration. 22. docker_image_push module – Push Docker images to registries. A Red Hat subscription provides unlimited access to our knowledgebase, tools, and much more. Install the Ansible Automation Platform by following the link and login to the Ansible Automation Platform Portal in Browser; Navigate to the "Projects" tab under Resources in the left pane. I was able to build the file above replacing FROM builder-${COMPRESS} with FROM builder-false for some strange reason the variable substitution just don't work. 10 is the node itself, where the receptor is running on. $ podman login Username: Password: $ podman pull Sep 1, 2022 · The Ansible Automation Controller is part of the Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform (AAP). Replacing latest with the proper tag for the EE already present on filesystem (eg: 2. As an integrated installation: This is a single machine install of Tower - the web frontend, REST API backend, and database are all on a single machine. Combining Docker and Ansible offers powerful capabilities for automating containerized environments, enabling efficient, repeatable, and scalable workflows. 3. yml, it wasn't run under the ~/ansible-files directory and thus it was picking up the default ansible-navigator config file versus the one inside ansible-files. May 15, 2025 · docker_image_export module – Export (archive) Docker images. After installing a controller and a private automation hub with self-signed certificates, syncing a project that uses an execution environment stored on the private automation hub fails with an error A Red Hat subscription provides unlimited access to our knowledgebase, tools, and much more. Synopsis . So I have installed and test awx on Online server which is working fine with docker compose. Do anyone have any idea about what's the issue here? Download Ansible Automation Platform and get access to Ansible automation platform on cloud providers such as AWS, Azure and Google Cloud Platform Oct 19, 2015 · Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Advertising & Talent Reach devs & technologists worldwide about your product, service or employer brand $ podman push <automation_hub_url> / <container_image_name> Troubleshooting The push operation re-compresses image layers during the upload, which is not guaranteed to be reproducible and is client-implementation dependent. May 15, 2025 · Connect to the Docker daemon by providing parameters with each task or by defining environment variables. Now the ansible is working for us. io the service account has been verified to be correct and can log in, but fails with a message that the EULA needs to be accepted: # openstack undercloud install raise HTTPError(http_error_msg, response=self) requests. service Documentation=man:podman-generate-systemd(1) Wants=network. io If set to true Yum will download packages and metadata from this repo in parallel, if possible. yaml from two containers (one local image and the other is mariadb). Oct 16, 2023 · As the Ansible Automation Platform has grown in complexity with the addition of new services and components, managing it has become more challenging. 5: We change our "Run container" task to use the superlists image, and we’ll use that as the container name too. You switched accounts on another tab or window. Learn the Ansible automation technology with some real-life examples in my Udemy 300+ Lessons Video Course. This document has been updated to include information for the latest release of Ansible Automation Platform. Jan 27, 2025 · Building: How to build multi-architecture container images; Migration of Python Virtual Environments: Redhat Communities of Practice Execution Environment Utilities Collection Mar 16, 2020 · I had have docker, but it has conflicts with my Fedora 31 and I had to remove docker: dnf remove docker-ce rm -rf /var/lib/docker because Podman is more suitable to work with. Prerequisites. When I launched a job, it failed with the below error. Aug 4, 2021 · Ansible Automation Platform 2. docker_swarm_info module Dec 14, 2018 · I am attempting to follow the docker get-started tutorial and have encountered a problem on part 2 under the section Pull and run the image from the remote repository The command it says to run is docker run -p 4000:80 username/repository:tag I run that: sudo docker run -p 4000:80 <username>/getting -started:part2 and I get Unable to find image May 15, 2025 · This module has been removed in version 4. New releases of the Docker compose CLI plugin can break this module at any time. Red Hat released the AWX project under the Apache 2. qpcbxx blgis gfyyd cmoxzah mfbt jzhr irtyjw cppvosj qyl dloc