Ptolemy definition rome.

• Ptolemy definition rome That’s when control of Egypt passed to 18-year-old Cleopatra and her 10-year-old brother Ptolemy XIII. Oct 22, 2019 · The social order was thereby maintained, grain would continue flowing to Rome without interruption, and so – as Antiochus has hoped - the Romans did not interfere. First emperor of Rome (27 b. [3] He was one of the first Christian philosophers. and rise of Rome: Term. 11. Doubts were raised in the original DSB article about Ptolemy’s authorship of two works attributed to him in the manuscript tradition: the Canobic Inscription, which purports to be a transcription of a list of astronomical parameters Definition. 170) established the system of mathematical astronomy that remained >standard in Christian and Moslem countries until the 16th century. Geōgraphikē hyphēgēsis (Guide to Geography) provided all the information and techniques required to draw maps of the portion of the world known by Ptolemy’s contemporaries. Jun 14, 2024 · The army of Ptolemy I was originally composed of 4,000 soldiers left in Egypt by Alexander, along with thousands of mercenaries, however, by the late 3rd century BCE, the Ptolemaic army might have numbered between 50,000-55,000 men in peacetime and 89,000-94,000 men in wartime. A classical civilization is an ancient society seen as the foundation of Mar 24, 2019 · The final volume of Geography was Ptolemy's atlas, featuring maps that utilized his grid system and maps that placed north at the top of the map, a cartographic convention that Ptolemy created. 17), but the control of these provinces seems to have been retained by Mga Teorya at Iskolar na Akda ni Ptolemy sa Heograpiya. His illegitimate birth and drunkenness inspired ridicule, and he was nicknamed "Auletes" ("the Flute-Player") for his musicianship. , Cleopatra was a daughter of Ptolemy XII (Auletes), a descendant of Ptolemy I Soter, one of Alexander The Great’s generals and the founder of the Ptolemaic line in Egypt Nov 21, 2023 · Cleopatra VII was a highly educated female ruler of ancient Egypt who came from the Ptolemaic line of Egypt. Ptolemy XIV was 12 and she was 22. Unfortunately, his gazetteer and maps contained a great number of errors due to the simple fact that Ptolemy was forced to rely upon the best estimates Ptolemy was a prominent ancient Greek astronomer, mathematician, and geographer who lived in Alexandria, Egypt during the 2nd century AD. 69-30 BCE, r. Claudius Ptolemy, commonly known simply as Ptolemy, was a Greek-Egyptian scholar whose work in mathematics, astronomy, geography, and optics left an indelible mark on the history of science. D. Alberti’s reliance on surveying instruments went against Ptolemy’s advice to let the stars and movement of the planets guide chorographical study. He invited Ptolemy to Rome and suddenly had him murdered. 150 . See examples of PTOLEMY used in a sentence. Shrewd and cautious, he had a compact and well-ordered killed in Senate riot: Term. Besides being a mathematician he was also a writer, poet, astronomer, astrologer and geographer. Ptolemy XI's ill May 16, 2024 · Claudius Ptolemy was a Greco-Egyptian mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, and writer. It is often difficult to determine which findings in his great astronomical book, the Almagest, are Ptolemy’s and which are Hipparchus’s. head of Ptolemy III, Euergetes/double cornucopiae minted in Alexandria, Egypt Gold and silver were the primary raw materials for Hellenistic coinage of intrinsic value. This famous map, that attempted to comprehend the entirety of the known world at the time, came from his popular and influential book "Geographia. For the original article on Ptolemy see DSB, vol. Consequently, Caligula divided Mauretania into two provinces: Mauretania Tingitana and Mauretania Caesariensis, separated by the river Malua. 356-323 BCE). [1] Jul 3, 2019 · Claudius Ptolemy with an armillary sphere he used to predict solstice dates and other celestial sights. Caesar married Calpurnia, the daughter of a wealthy and powerful Populare senator, and married his daughter Feb 22, 2017 · Caesar learns that Pompey has fled to Egypt in hopes of gaining support from Pharaoh Ptolemy XIII (Richard O’Sullivan) and his sister Cleopatra (Elizabeth Taylor). Meaning of ptolemy. T L Heath, A Manual of Greek Mathematics The Ptolemy world map is a map of the world known to Greco-Roman societies in the 2nd century. In 58 BC, Pharaoh Ptolemy XII "Auletes" had to leave Egypt and went into political exile in Rome due to a popular revolt, and his daughter Berenice IV seized the throne. as gift he presents Pompey's head to Julius. Ptolemy XII (r. He served not only as king of Egypt but also the founder of the Ptolemaic Dynasty, a dynasty which included the infamous Cleopatra VII. Nov 28, 2024 · Founded by Ptolemy I Soter, the kingdom flourished under the leadership of its major rulers, including Ptolemy II Philadelphus and Cleopatra VII, who each played pivotal roles in shaping its destiny. 332–30 B. In addition, users can travel through ancient Italy, Gaul BA compelling history of the Ptolemies, the decline of Egypt, and the rising power of the Roman Empire/BBR / BR / The Ptolemaic era, Egypt's last and one o May 21, 2018 · PTOLEMY (OR CLAUDIUS PTOLEMAEUS) (b. Mar 24, 2025 · Almagest, astronomical manual written about 150 CE by Ptolemy. The Ptolemies included Ptolemy I , a general in Alexander the Great's army who succeeded him as ruler of Egypt , Jul 12, 2024 · With Rome defending them from the Seleucids, Ptolemy VI and Ptolemy VIII turned against each other. 100 CE; d. Much of medieval astronomy and At Ptolemy II's birth, his older half-brother Ptolemy Keraunos was the heir presumptive. When Ptolemy XII Auletes died, he willed the throne to his children, Cleopatra and her brother, Ptolemy XIII. At that time Egypt was a Roman province and Ptolemy may have been a Roman citizen. Then his ideas were disproved by Nicolaus Copernicus. Ptolemy V was not able to do this on the same scale as his predecessors. 170) in Koine Greek. Paca'rius , De'cimus - M. [57] [59] [60] Ptolemy XII was then exiled from Egypt by force, traveling first to Rhodes, then Athens, and finally the villa of triumvir Pompey in the Alban Hills, near Praeneste, Italy. May 23, 2018 · Claudius Ptolemy >The Greek astronomer, astrologer, and geographer Claudius Ptolemy (ca. He is best known for his comprehensive model of the universe, which placed the Earth at the center and described the motions of the Sun, Moon, and planets. As Ptolemy II grew older a struggle for the succession developed between them, which culminated in Ptolemy Keraunos' departure from Egypt around 287 BC. 170 CE) was an Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer, and geographer. After awarding both Egypt and Cyprus to Rome, Ptolemy XI was placed on the throne by the Roman general Cornelius Sulla and ruled with his step-mother Cleopatra Berenice until he murdered her. O Gingerich, The Eye of Heaven: Ptolemy, Copernicus, Kepler (1993). More about: Ptolemy I Timeline Definition . 246-222 BCE), the Ptolemaic navy rapidly expanded with new and more advanced warships to become the dominant naval power in the Mediterranean. Unlike most of her predecessors, Cleopatra embraced Egyptian life and customs Nov 23, 2019 · Claudius Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus) was born around 100 CE. Jul 10, 2018 · Caesarion & Cleopatra in Rome. This information was designed Claudius Ptolemaeus (circa AD 100–170), better known as Ptolemy, was a Greco-Roman astronomer, mathematician, geographer and cartographer. In ancient Rome, a member of the wealth, privileged upper class. ) -annals(history of Rome under 3 days ago · Ptolemy was an ancient geographer working in Rome in the 2nd century AD. astronomy- came up with the theory that the earth was the center of the universe (accepted till 1600s A. All of his observations and work was done from Alexandria, Egypt. It served as a comprehensive guide to the geocentric model of the universe, detailing the motion of celestial bodies and laying the groundwork for centuries of astronomical study. The earliest account is that ofVarro (ap. The structure of the government and administrative organization was aligned in accordance with Greek practices. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Ptolemy I Soter (304-285BC), Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285-246BC), Ptolemy III Euergetes (246-221BC) and more. >100-ca. 58-55), the daughter of Ptolemy XII Ptolemy XII (55-51), returned to power thanks to Rome's aid May 23, 2024 · Claudius Ptolemy (c. For instance, Ptolemy’s table of the lengths of chords in a circle is the earliest surviving table of a trigonometric function. Ptolemy says that Cleopatra tried to kill him, so he chased her into the desert. Ptolemy was the author of numerous scientific treatises, at least three of which were of continuing importance to later Islamic and European science. To facilitate astronomical calculations, Ptolemy tabulated all the data needed to compute the positions of the Sun, Moon and planets, the rising and setting of the stars, and eclipses of the Sun and Moon, making it a useful tool for astronomers and astrologers. 5 BCE) was the daughter of Cleopatra (69-30 BCE) and Mark Antony (83-30 BCE). Ptolemy XI was succeeded by a son of Ptolemy IX, Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, nicknamed Auletes, the flute-player. org: Smith's Bible Dictionary. He was nominally the servant of Alexander's successors Philip Arrhidaeus and Alexander IV of Macedon, but in reality, he ruled on his own initiative. [24] Ptolemy definition: . This would indicate that he was descended from a Greek family living in Egypt, and also that he was a citizen of Rome. Oct 24, 2016 · While the next few pharaohs made little if any impact on Egypt, in 88 BCE the young Ptolemy XI succeeded his exiled father, Ptolemy X. . The temple of Philae, dedicated to Isis and standing proudly on an island just south of the Aswan Dam, was originally constructed by the son of Ptolemy I Soter, one Ptolemy II Philadelphus. One of the prominent Greek figures to contribute to mathematics was Claudius Ptolemy. When Ptolemy attempted to remove his sister in 48 BC, she was forced to run off to Syria and Egypt. d. AD 100 – c. His eldest (legitimate) son, Ptolemy Keraunos, whose mother, Eurydice, the daughter of Antipater, had been repudiated, fled to the court of Lysimachus. The Almagest (/ ˈ æ l m ə dʒ ɛ s t / AL-mə-jest) is a 2nd-century mathematical and astronomical treatise on the apparent motions of the stars and planetary paths, written by Claudius Ptolemy (c. His name, Claudius Ptolemy, is a mixture derived from the Greek Egyptian 'Ptolemy' and the Roman 'Claudius'. 3. Pacu'vius and Q. Nov 14, 2024 · Ptolemy XII took Rabirius into protective custody and sent him home before he was killed. Ptolemy , Latin Claudius Ptolemaeus, (born c. Ptolemy’s treatises. A geographer and astronomer, Ptomely's book Geographia, influenced mapmakers on questions such as the size of the earth for centuries. Nov 9, 2009 · Born in 70 or 69 B. Ptolemy published several books on new geometrical proofs and theorems, prepared a calendar that gave weather indications and the rising and setting of stars, wrote five books on optical phenomena, and developed a three-book treatise on music. Claudius Ptolemy was born in Roman Egypt around 90 AD. The work preserved ancient knowledge and significantly shaped medieval and Renaissance The meaning of PTOLEMAIC is of or relating to the second century geographer and astronomer Ptolemy of Alexandria and especially to his belief that the earth is at the center of the universe with the sun, moon, and planets revolving around it. Claudius Ptolemy (often called Claudius Ptolemaeus, Ptolomaeus, Klaudios Ptolemaios, and simply Ptolemeus) was one of the earliest of these observers. The Greco-Roman mathematician Claudius Ptolemy is one of the most significant figures in the history of science. This Ptolemy should not be confused with kings of Egypt under Greek and Roman rule who were also named Ptolemy, although medieval astrologers sometimes referred to Ptolemy as a king. By now Rome was the arbiter of Egyptian affairs, and annexed both Libya and Cyprus. to 30 B. He lived in Egypt, which at that time belonged to the Roman Empire. The early reign of Ptolemy V was dominated by the Fifth Syrian War (204–198 BC) against the Seleucid king Antiochus III, who completely defeated the Ptolemaic forces, annexed Coele-Syria and Judaea to his empire, and reduced Egypt to a subordinate position. [^28] Her more famous alliance and affair with Caesar‘s heir Mark Antony still lay in the future. In 40 AD, Caligula expanded the Empire into Mauretania, ruled by Ptolemy of Mauretania. Henry Yule argued that Ptolemy's misrendering of the Indian Sea as a closed basin meant that Ptolemy must also have misplaced the Chinese coast, and therefore the idea that Sinae is a separate country from Serica would be a misconception. Cleopatra wed Ptolemy XIV after Ptolemy XIII died after being overthrown by her Roman-Egyptian armies. Much of medieval astronomy and May 23, 2024 · The Geography Ptolemy’s Geography is another monumental work that has had a lasting impact on the field of cartography. Euergetes, perhaps wishing to limit his indebtedness to the Romans, turned down Rome’s offer of assistance in fighting against Syria. 14) and grandnephew of Julius Caesar. Supposedly, Alexander left Ptolemy with a force of 3000 men to finish subjugating the city while he moved on to Gordium. Ptolemy XV Caesar “Theos Philopator Philometor” (“the Father-loving Mother-loving God”) (c. In 47 BC, Caesar defeated Ptolemy‘s forces in battle, leading to the pharaoh‘s death and allowing Cleopatra to regain the Egyptian throne. [57] [58] [61] [note 19] Ptolemy XII spent roughly up to a year there on the outskirts of Rome, ostensibly accompanied by his daughter Cleopatra, then about 11. Quiz yourself with questions and answers for Global 9 - Rome Unit Test, so you can be ready for test day. Si Ptolemy ay kilala sa kanyang tatlong iskolar na gawa: ang Almagest — na nakatuon sa astronomiya at geometry, ang Tetrabiblos — na nakatutok sa astrolohiya, at, higit sa lahat, Heograpiya —na nagpasulong ng kaalaman sa heograpiya. He is remembered today for his astronomy, but The work presents a comprehensive survey of ancient geographical thought from Homer to late antiquity, authored by Duane W. Valentinus professed to have derived his ideas from Theodas or Theudas, a disciple of Paul Golden ring depicting Ptolemy VI wearing a Greek diadem. [2] May 26, 2024 · Caesar shifted his support to Cleopatra, Ptolemy‘s exiled sister and co-ruler of Egypt. C. Strabo restricted Arabia Felix to the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula above which was Arabia Deserta. Sep 24, 2022 · It was an ideal place to make Ptolemy’s world Map. One reason for this was the more difficult financial circumstances of Egypt during his reign. Apr 16, 2025 · Ptolemy has a prominent place in the history of mathematics primarily because of the mathematical methods he applied to astronomical problems. PTOLEMAEUS I. 305-282 BCE) as part of his vision to unite his Egyptian and Greek subjects Nov 20, 2024 · It was an ingenious system accepted, as Law… except a Geocentric Universe was wrong!Even though Ptolemy was Greek, he was born in Egypt. 23-40 CE) was king of Mauretania and one of the last surviving members of the Ptolemaic dynasty. He used a system of grid lines to plot the latitude and longitude of some 8,000 places on a map that Jul 10, 2018 · Abstract. Roman politicians wanted access to the enormous wealth of Egypt, but they also respected it enough that they did not invade and even maintained stability within the kingdom by interrupting a civil war. Feb 3, 2012 · Ptolemy's name first appears during Alexander's defeat of Memnon, the Greek mercenary general in the service of Persia, at Halicarnassus. It is unclear whether they did so to stress the stature of his work, or because they did not know he was unrelated to the Ptolemaic dynasty. For example, Cicero rejected a request to help him with recruitment, and Cato refused to take command of Sicily, vital for control of Rome's grain supply. In response, Caesar sends his trusted military advisor Mark Antony (Richard Burton) to Rome, while he goes to Egypt in search of Pompey. By his own admission, Ptolemy did not attempt to collect and sift all the geographical Ptolemy synonyms, Ptolemy pronunciation, Ptolemy translation, English dictionary definition of Ptolemy. Ptolemy also speaks of "Sera, the Capital of the Seres". The Ptolemies had access to abundant gold from the mines in Nubia, but most silver had to be imported to Egypt from farther afield. Jan 3, 2025 · Introduction to Ptolemy. On 28 March 284 BC, Ptolemy I had Ptolemy II declared king, formally elevating him to the status of co Apr 6, 2024 · Claudius Ptolemy, also known as Ptolemy of Alexandria, was a Greco-Egyptian astronomer, mathematician, and geographer who lived in the 2nd century AD. Apr 28, 2011 · Returning to Rome with high honors, Caesar entered into a business/political agreement with Pompey and Crassus, in 60 BCE, dubbed The First Triumvirate by modern scholars and historians (though no one in ancient Rome used that term). For Ptolemy, Arabia Deserta is the desert between Syria and the Euphrates but does not include the large central desert of the Arabian Peninsula which Strabo included in his definition. Sep 7, 2023 · Ptolemy was very interested in cartography and ambitious enough to want to create a world map. The Ptolemaic dynasty (sometimes also known as the Lagids, from the name of Ptolemy I's father, Lagus) was a Hellenistic Macedonian royal family which ruled the Ptolemaic Empire in Egypt for nearly 300 years, from 305 B. What does ptolemy mean? Information and translations of ptolemy in the most comprehensive Apr 29, 2021 · The famous temple dedicated to Horus at Edfu is a Ptolemaic reconstruction of a ruined Pharaonic one. Varus This is also an excellent site for studying historical geography. Ptolemy, a somatophylax, one of the seven bodyguards who served as Alexander the Great's generals and deputies, was appointed satrap (Governor) of Egypt after Definitions of Ptolemy XII Auletes, synonyms, antonyms, derivatives of Ptolemy XII Auletes, analogical dictionary of Ptolemy XII Auletes (English) Jan 19, 2025 · Ptolemy the Gnostic, a renowned Greek-Egyptian scholar, is often considered one of the most influential figures in the development of the Western school of Valentinian Gnosticism, which was influential in Rome, Italy, and Southern Gaul. Ptolemy and other ancient geographers were well aware that they had a limited view of the ecumene, and that their knowledge extended to only a quarter of the globe. [4] Valentinus was born around the year 100 in Phrebonis, an Egyptian town in the Nile Delta. 100 – c. Feb 21, 2025 · Ptolemy XII's courtiers forced him to abdicate in favour of his eldest daughter, Berenike IV. Feb 16, 2023 · While much of Ptolemy I's ruling period was spent consolidating the Kingdom, fighting wars against rival factions, and expanding the empire, his successor's rule is associated with many major changes. Caesar arrived shortly afterwards, before Ptolemy could attack Mithridates' army. Apr 6, 2024 · Claudius Ptolemy, also known as Ptolemy of Alexandria, was a Greco-Egyptian astronomer, mathematician, and geographer who lived in the 2nd century AD. This would last for nearly 300 years. He lived in Alexandria in the Roman province of Egypt during the 2nd century and authored several scientific treatises, three of which were of considerable significance to the development of Byzantine, Islamic and European science in later centuries. Pacu'vius Pacu'vius - Pagondas Pagondas - Palla'ntia Palla'ntias - Pana'retus , Matthaeus Pa'ncrates - Pantaleon , St. Claudius Ptolemy was a Greek mathematician, astronomer and geographer who lived in the Egyptian city of Alexandria while under the rule of the Roman Empire. Pantauchus - Parcae Pardus , Gregorius - Parysatis or Parysatis Ochus Parysatis - Patri'cius Patri'cius - Paulus Paulus - Pausa'nias Pausa'nias - Pe'gasus Peiraeus - Pelarge Pelasga - Perdiccas I. Nov 21, 2023 · Ptolemy was a member of what is today called a classical civilization: ancient Greece, and, later, ancient Rome. Pliny). Jul 25, 2023 · The first four members of the dynasty concentrated on Alexandria's cultural reputation, being intellectuals themselves. 282-286 BCE) and Ptolemy III (r. This wasn’t lost on Cleopatra, so she pursued the great man. 51-30 BCE). The Ptolemies were long aware that they were not in a position to challenge Rome and made sure to keep Rome’s approval. Apr 16, 2025 · Ptolemy - Geographer, Astronomer, Mathematician: Ptolemy’s fame as a geographer is hardly less than his fame as an astronomer. -a. Ptolemy refers to:—was the common name of the Greek dynasty of Egyptian kings. Although his account of Ptolemy IV and Ptolemy VIII is hostile, he is on balance sympathetic towards Ptolemy V and Ptolemy VI. The Downfall of the Dynasty Cleopatra’s defeat at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC marked the beginning of the end for the Ptolemaic rule. Caesar and Mithridates met 7 miles from Ptolemy's position. Rabirius was put on trial in Rome for extortion, and Caesar took ownership of the remaining debts, intending to eventually collect them from the Egyptians. An Egyptian dynasty of Macedonian kings . Ptolemy sent a detachment of cavalry and light infantry to stop them from crossing the river. In 58 BC Auletes was driven out by the Alexandrian mob, but the Romans restored him to power three years later. Jun 19, 2024 · Under Ptolemy II (r. Ptolemy’s work was heavily influenced by his predecessors, including Hipparchus and Aristarchus, and he built upon their discoveries. Ptolemy wants Julius to go back without restoring Cleopatra to the joint ruler-ship of Egypt. at the age of 84. His citizenship probably resulted from a Roman emperor giving that 'reward' to one of Ptolemy's ancestors. Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (r. the one wehre romans tried to cross a river to get more land and then got killed by all the german tribes. Ptolemy: In 285, Ptolemy made his son by Berenice - Ptolemy II Philadelphus his co-regent. Cleopatra's father was King Ptolemy VII Auletes. [ citation needed ] These geographers acknowledged the existence of terrae incognitae , 'unknown lands', within Africa, Europe and Asia. SOTER, the son of Lagus, a Macedonian of low rank, distinguished himself greatly during the campaigns of Alexander; at whose death he secured for himself the government of Egypt, where he proceeded at once to lay the foundations of a kingdom, B. Ptolemy XIII, Cleopatra’s brother and fellow monarch, was 10 years old when they got married (she was 18). Learn more about the Ptolemaic system in this article. The Ptolemaic system of celestial motion as depicted in the Harmonia Macrocosmica (1661). According to this version, rivalry between the libraries of Kings Ptolemy and Eumenes led Ptolemy to suppress the export of papyrus; the Pergamene kingdom reacted by "discovering" parchment. At Issus he served in the In addition to his well-known works in astronomy, Claudius Ptolemy was important in the history of geography and cartography (making maps). It was destroyed, Ptolemy was drowned during the battle, and Cleopatra became the undisputed ruler of Egypt. 47-30 BCE), better known by his unofficial nickname Caesarion or “Little Caesar” in Greek, was the oldest son of Cleopatra VII (69-30 BCE) and was Valentinus was a second-century teacher and church leader who narrowly lost a contest to become the bishop of Rome – or, as we would call the position today, the pope. 17), but the control of these provinces seems to have been retained by Apr 28, 2011 · Returning to Rome with high honors, Caesar entered into a business/political agreement with Pompey and Crassus, in 60 BCE, dubbed The First Triumvirate by modern scholars and historians (though no one in ancient Rome used that term). Achillas (John Doucette) is the head of his personal guard. He was influential up to the 16th century. It is divided into 13 books and covers trigonometry; the motions of the Sun, Moon, and planets; and the positions of the fixed stars. His works survived antiquity and the Middle Ages intact, and his theories, particularly on a geocentric model of the universe with planets following orbits within orbits, were hugely influential until they were replaced by the heliocentric model of the universe proposed by Sep 24, 2019 · During the reign of Ptolemy VI Philometor and after his reign, Rome began to play an increasingly important role in Egyptian politics. This navy enabled the Ptolemaic dynasty to capture and defend islands and coastal territories that stretched from Egypt to the Aegean , making the The Handy Tables (Greek: Πρόχειροι κανόνες) are a set of astronomical tables, together with canons for their use. In his Descriptio urbis Romae (1444), Alberti used Ptolemy’s numerical system to recreate a map of ancient Rome. Cleopatra’s father, Ptolemy XII, died in 51 B. Similarly, … Ptolemy: A Legacy of Mathematical and Scientific Innovation. ) and Roman (c. An edition in Latin of the Almagestum in 1515. The Sun, Moon, planets, and stars, he believed, were It was one of the major gnostic movements, having widespread following throughout the Roman Empire and provoking voluminous writings by Christian heresiologists. xxviii. Claudius Ptolemaeus (circa AD 100–170), better known as Ptolemy, was a Greco-Roman astronomer, mathematician, geographer and cartographer. Ptolemy VI soon returned from exile to oppose him. Claudius Ptolemaeus (circa 100--circa 170), known as Ptolemy, was an astronomer, mathematician, and geographer of Greek descent who lived and worked in the Egyptian city of Alexandria. Notable Valentinians included Heracleon, Ptolemy, Florinus, Marcus and Axionicus of Antioch. On 28 March 284 BC, Ptolemy I had Ptolemy II declared king, formally elevating him to the status of co Ptolemy: Definition. Cleopatra VII (l. In 29 he was named emperor, and in 27 he was given the honorary title Augustus. Residing at Pompey’s villa at Rome, Auletes employed bribery to obtain the support of the Roman senators. c. Beginning with Ptolemy III Euergetes (“The Benefactor”), Egypt was an ally of Rome. The chapter surveys the work of Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus), who wrote on astronomy, cosmology, astrology, geography, optics and harmonics and who placed several fields of study into forms that remained definitive until the Renaissance. All of them chose leading Definition. Ptolemy’s rule began a dynasty of Greek-speaking rulers over Egypt. In 52 BCE, Ptolemy XII named Cleopatra VII his co-regent and made preparations for her to rule after Ptolemaic system, mathematical model of the universe formulated by the Alexandrian astronomer and mathematician Ptolemy about 150 CE. Mar 7, 2003 · He even disparaged the kings, to whose poor character he ascribed the misconduct of the mercenaries. During the Ptolemaic period, the country was ruled from the newly-established city of Alexandria. But her rule did not last, as she was put to death upon her father's return to Alexandria. His most significant contribution was the geocentric model of the universe, which placed the Earth at the center of the cosmos, a view that dominated Western thought for over a millennium. [118] The Flight of Pompey after Pharsalus, by Jean Fouquet. He censured Philip V and Antiochus III for their clandestine pact against Ptolemy V. ad 170), Greek astronomer and mathematician. Theodotus of Chios (Herbert Berghof) is Ptolemy's tutor. He wrote numerous scientific treatises which would later prove to be beneficial for Islamic, European and Byzantine scientists. , establishing a reliable calendar or determining how to cure a variety of illnesses) as well as more abstract investigations belonging to natural philosophy. D (Russian) 'Nauka' (Moscow, 1988). Optimates/Populares Definition. Ptolemy's 8-volume Geography drew on the work of earlier geographers, notably Marinus of Tyre (early 2nd century CE), and contains an impressive catalogue of over 8,000 places identified by their longitude and latitude. mathematical sciences, especially astronomy. One of them was based on astronomy titled, Almagest. At Ptolemy II's birth, his older half-brother Ptolemy Keraunos was the heir presumptive. Ptolemy next appears at the battles of Issus and Gaugamela. Not daring to disobey Rome, Antiochus compromised by making peace with Ptolemy and betrothing to him his daughter Cleopatra, who was to receive as her dower the revenues of the conquered provinces Coele-Syria, Palestine and Phoenicia (Josephus, Ant, XII, iv, 1; Polyb. Perdiccas Ii. Plans to defend Italy were undone by the speed with which Caesar moved, advancing directly on Rome with minimal resistance. Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. His father Juba II (c. He worked principally in Alexandria. Science in classical antiquity encompasses inquiries into the workings of the world or universe aimed at both practical goals (e. Definition. What was the ethnic composition of the Ptolemaic army? Oct 19, 2021 · Serapis is a Graeco-Egyptian god of the Ptolemaic Period (323-30 BCE) of Egypt developed by the monarch Ptolemy I Soter (r. Three years later, Aulus Gabinius, the Roman proconsul of Roman Syria, restored the king to the throne after a short campa Feb 23, 2025 · Source: archive. It addresses the challenges of reconstructing geographic understanding based on limited surviving texts and highlights key figures such as Herodotus, Strabo, and Ptolemy. g. Ptolemy V's predecessors, since the time of Alexander the Great, had pursued a wide-ranging policy of temple construction, designed to ensure the support of the priestly elite. Caesar was the dictator of Rome, and although Egypt was rich, Rome was a world military power. Aug 1, 2022 · Ptolemy’s operational definition of vision and his notions about its primary properties seem less beholden to geometry than those of Euclid and the Peripatetics, and his synthesis of philosophical, physical, and mathematical arguments reveals a dynamic, syncretic mode. The two ruled jointly as Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XIII Philopator. Definition of ptolemy in the Definitions. A bust depicting Pharaoh Ptolemy II Philadelphus. J L E Dreyer, A history of astronomy from Thales to Kepler (New York, 1953). He is best known for his work on astronomy, particularly his treatise Almagest, which became the standard reference for astronomers in the Western world for over a thousand years. Ptolemy VIII defeated his older brother, who sought sanctuary in Rome. It is in the work of Claudius Ptolemy, who lived in the second century CE, that we see the culmination of these efforts. 80-58), the son of Ptolemy IX, was exiled to Rome Berenice IV (r. Ptolemy I Soter (366-282 BCE) was one of the successor kings to the empire of Alexander the Great. He was a Greek astronomer, mathematician and geographer. Ptolemy VI, however, joined forces with his brother, Ptolemy VII, in an effort to throw off Seleucid rule, prompting Antiochus IV to return for a second campaign. 170 AD) was a towering figure in the ancient world, renowned for his extensive contributions to various fields of science. The king's overthrow was backed by the Alexandrian mob, well accustomed to flexing its political muscles, and seems to have been inspired by a growing anti-Roman sentiment – only exacerbated by incidents such as the killing of the cat two years earlier. 6 days ago · The loss of Cyprus and Ptolemy’s submissive attitude to Rome outraged the people of Alexandria, who drove Auletes out of Egypt and accepted his queen, Tryphaeana, and his eldest daughter, Berenice IV, as rulers in 58. Ptolemy I Soter died in 283 B. [2] His mother was Arsinoe. Cleopatra visited Rome with her brother and nominal co-ruler Ptolemy XIV (c. Caesar married Calpurnia, the daughter of a wealthy and powerful Populare senator, and married his daughter Feb 22, 2025 · Despite her efforts, internal strife and external pressures from Rome ultimately weakened her position. 30 B. 60/59-44 BCE) on at least two occasions. Ptolemy II Philadelphus, the son of Ptolemy I, ascended the throne in 285 BC and ruled till 246 BC. 170 CE),. He was a Greek-speaking mathematician and astronomer who flourished during the Roman Empire. Ptolemy VI was the eldest son of Ptolemy V and Cleopatra I. The Ptolemaic system is a geocentric cosmology that assumes Earth is stationary and at the centre of the universe. In order to reach the Egyptian camp they had to ford a small river. In his Geography, Ptolemy gathered all the geographic knowledge possessed by the Greco-Roman world. According to Satyrus the Peripatetic, Arsinoe was a descendant of Alexander I of Macedon and thus a member of the Argead dynasty, claiming ultimate descent from Heracles. Following her suicide in 30 BC, Egypt was annexed by Rome, becoming a province of the growing Roman Empire. Ptolemy was born in 367 BC [5] in the ancient kingdom of Macedon. Feb 22, 2017 · Caesar learns that Pompey has fled to Egypt in hopes of gaining support from Pharaoh Ptolemy XIII (Richard O’Sullivan) and his sister Cleopatra (Elizabeth Taylor). V A Bronshten, Claudius Ptolemy : Second century A. The Egyptian royal family is known to have visited Rome in 46 BCE and again in 44 BCE, residing in Julius Caesar's villa in the Horti Caesaris both times. His life and works left an indelible mark on mathematics, astronomy, astrology, geography, and music theory. –395 C. 3rd King of Achaemenid Empire, was ruler at its peak: Term. This treatise is an extensive examination of the geographic knowledge of the Greco-Roman world and includes detailed descriptions of the known world, as well as methods for creating maps. net dictionary. 323. Although arguably the most famous Egyptian queen, Cleopatra was actually Greek and a member of the Ptolemaic Dynasty (323-30 BCE) which ruled Egypt after the death of Alexander the Great (l. . Based on an inscription in several of the earliest surviving manuscripts, it is traditionally credited to Agathodaemon of Alexandria . Roller. (47), returned to Rome, and was given a mandate by the people to rule as dictator for The Geography of Ptolemy in a c. Ptolemy I was a historian, author of an authoritative account of Alexander's campaign of conquest…Ptolemy II was an avid zoologist, Ptolemy III, a patron of literature, Ptolemy IV a playwright. Ptolemy's ideas were preserved and expanded upon during the Ptolemy of Mauretania (13 or 9 BC–AD 40) Client king and ruler of Mauretania for Rome Dates in brackets on the Cup of the Ptolemies represent the regnal dates of the Ptolemaic pharaohs. Besides his main accomplishments, little else is known about Ptolemy's life. His contributions to trigonometry are especially important. Most of the chapters from Ptolemy's Geography are accompanied by maps, bibliographic notes (including references to the texts of Pliny the Elder and Strabo), and links to the "Roman Gazetteer" and related websites. 100 to c. It served as the basic guide for Islamic and European astronomers until about the beginning of the 17th century. c. The first was the astronomical treatise originally called He mathematike syntaxis ("The Mathematical Collection"), which came eventually to be known as Ho megas astronomos ("The Great Astronomer Ptolemy was an influential Greek-Roman scholar who lived during the 2nd century CE, known for his works in astronomy, geography, and mathematics. Claudius Ptolemy was a Greco-Egyptian writer of Alexandria, known as a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology. 80-51 BCE) was king of Ptolemaic Egypt and father of Cleopatra VII (r. He was also a geographer and mathematician, and Ptolemy’s“Almagest” (1515) is one of the most influential scientific texts of all times. However, Ptolemy’s “Geography” Inspired the Famous Map Map of Great Britain and Ireland, derived from Ptolemy’s Geography, 1482, via Britannica While Ptolemy was not directly involved in drawing Ptolemy’s world map, his work was crucial to the map’s creation. ad 100—died c. Ptolemy's is the first known projection of the sphere onto a plane. After her father's death, the throne first appearance of parchment in Rome. " Ptolemaic (c. In his great astronomical work, Almagest, Ptolemy presented a complete system of mathematical constructions that accounted successfully for the observed motion of each heavenly body. ). Despite its eventual decline due to internal strife and external pressures from the rising Roman Republic, the Ptolemaic Kingdom left an indelible Ptolemy and other ancient geographers were well aware that they had a limited view of the ecumene, and that their knowledge extended to only a quarter of the globe. Jul 11, 2024 · After the death of Alexander the Great in Babylon in 323 BCE, his general Ptolemy I became satrap of Egypt. 48 BCE to 23 CE) was a Numidian royal and his mother Cleopatra Selene II (40 to c. 1411 Latin van den Bovenkamp, Jaap (2018), "New findings and discoveries in the 1507/8 Rome edition of Ptolemy's Jun 26, 2024 · Ptolemy of Mauretania (r. Ptolemy's Almagest is an influential astronomical text written by the Greek astronomer Claudius Ptolemy in the 2nd century AD. Unfortunately, Varro does not identify the Ptolemy or Eumenes in Thule (/ ˈ θ j uː l iː / [1] Ancient Greek: Θούλη, romanized: Thúlē; Latin: Thūlē also spelled as Thylē [2]) is the most northerly location mentioned in ancient Greek and Roman literature and cartography. G Grasshoff, The history of Ptolemy's star catalogue (New York, 1990). 51-30 BCE) was the last ruler of Egypt before it was annexed as a province of Rome. Nov 21, 2023 · Ptolemy is a Greek name, however, and so he probably was of Greek descent (which was also part of Rome at the time). On one such trip to Rome, Ptolemy XII's daughter, Berenice, seized the throne. E. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material. Leon Battista Alberti was one of the first to experiment with Ptolemaic geography. Jul 10, 2018 · Abstract. For his part, Caesar needed money and Egypt could supply his needs. Ptolemy knew that the Earth is a sphere. 4 days ago · Claudius Ptolemy lived in the city of Alexandria in Egypt from about 100 to 170 CE. Claudius Ptolemy (c. Ptolemy VIII was remembered by ancient accounts as a highly intelligent and hedonistic ruler whose brutality made him unpopular. Ptolemy the Gnostic, (Greek: Πτολεμαίος ο Γνωστικός Latin: Ptolemaeus Gnosticus) was a disciple of the Gnostic teacher Valentinius and is known for the Letter to Flora, an epistle he wrote to a wealthy woman named Flora, herself not a Gnostic. He defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 and subsequently gained control over the empire. They frequently ruled jointly with their wives, who were often also their sisters, aunts or cousins. It is based on the description contained in Ptolemy 's book Geography , written c. lbbea bjeyp gqoatqpzj gpgzb bxtnj lxoob loao eclyfj mqfse gvxzcods