Dismissed from medical school

Dismissed from medical school. Nov 28, 2012. [OSM1 HELP!] Facing Dismissal, now trying to figure out what to do. Cohen and Mr. federal court. If you left medical school to address a personal issue, then returned, without a problem, then that is usually much less of a problem. A medical graduate with more than $440,000 in student debt recently saw nearly 99% of his loans cancelled by a bankruptcy Kain was academically disqualified from college, took his prereqs at 38 years old, took the MCAT late, and had a less-than-stellar GPA. Dismissed from a DO school; school is new and dismissed many students (what I think was unfairly). 21,699. Following 5 application cycles in the States, I seriously considered going the Caribbean route, but decided against it iluvmedicine2. #8. by Eric Didion. Jun 23, 2018 · FutureInternist. bollocks1234 said: The school wants to dismiss me, based on what they said were academic reasons (understandable), but they also cited the absences from LAST year from when I was sick w/ mono as a reason for dismissal, along with my MCAT score and undergrad science GPA. We believed "misinformation" energized the ignorant, Kevin Bass is an MD/PhD student at a medical school in Texas. I told the committee the following statement. Sep 15, 2013 · Most medical schools would rather you retake the class over summer break rather than place an additional burden on a failing student by having them retake the course on top of the other classes. Challenger1215 said: I'm posting for a friend, he was dismissed from school for "academic dishonesty" as he took a quiz for another classmate that was not able to make it for that day. Jun 18, 2022 · The medical school wont give you help with appeals etc-but try to meet with someone at the student union etc-they were the most helpful to me in terms of explaining the process of appeals and the dos and don’ts. May 4, 2019 · Welcome to my channel, "Grounded in Purpose". Being kicked out of school is not common; the school will do everything possible to prevent you from failing or being expelled. medical schools require that you be in "good standing" for transfer which, if you were academically dismissed, would not be the case. There is a 3-attempt max at taking the exam Mar 5, 2014 · Mar 7, 2014. Jul 11, 2019 · This might include guidance from resources outside of the medical school. Jun 11, 2019 · 17. Jan 30, 2011 · Dismissed from DO School, Want Back In, Need Help!! This forum made possible through the generous support of SDN members, donors, and sponsors. I just wanted to ask what options are left for my friend. Jul 25, 2023 · If I have to be realist and just focus you as an Caribbean medical student, there is so many like you that transferred to an another school at 5th semester for various reasons (failed comp too many times, medical/personal reasons, couldn't finish basic sciences in 3 years) I only know this from experience because I'm closing in 5th semester Throwaway for obvious reasons. Dec 14, 2021 · Honesty is a habit of excellence. It is a must on medical school applications. " Feb 2, 2012 · A former School of Medicine and Health Sciences student is suing the University for $2 million in damages, alleging she was unfairly dismissed from a physician’s assistant program just days before completing her degree. May 4, 2016 · Hi there, So I got dismissed from my Medical School due to an academic problem. I just explained what happened on my "violation" section of the amcas and wrote about what I learned from it. ) After some personal research and soul-searching, I decided not to continue a career in medicine, but rather law. Fax: +305-444-2440. 401. This student is thinking about transferring to finish their bachelor’s degree. The school requires its students pass Step 2 to be awarded the MD degree, and has as its policy a 3-Attempts Rule. M. Feb 2, 2024 · Kevin Bass. This student had the foresight to withdraw before his dismissal and was able to use powerful familial intervention to get into another school. She contends the dismissal attempt was related to her making an accusation of Aug 6, 2018 · When we say "dismissed" from medical school, we mean you failed out or were otherwise kicked out for a professionalism problem. 8,528. AUC School of Medicine Transfer Students - If you are seeking to transfer to AUC medical school, you should complete the form on our website. Formal feedback occurs at least at the midpoint of the course or clerkship. This question was addressed in the following 2 Supreme Court cases. The University of Science, Arts & Technology Faculty of Medicine in Dec 1, 2011 · 1. Examples of Academic and Disciplinary Dismissals Aug 16, 2018 · Reaction score. MembersOnline. Jun 3, 2022 · A dismissal will bar your from ever getting into med school again. 38,971. The fact that ppl who get dismissed from medical school fail out if PA school is Nov 14, 2018 · Medical education is divided into UME and GME. To file an appeal against a med school dismissal, a student should produce evidence of mistakes beyond simply asserting the decision wasn’t fair. I hate to be negative- but you really need to start thinking and planning for another career. Vernon Building Room 64, Sizer Street Preston, Lancashire PR1 1JQ. Members don't see this ad. Sep 5, 2011 · Sep 5, 2011. Dec 3, 2010 · MD-only, btw. In all my years of academic service I have only seen a single case in which a student was accepted to another US MD program after being (almost) dismissed from medical school. I had academic difficulty at nearly every step of the curriculum and when it was all said and done, I had successfully completed only 2. 5 GPA to nearly a 3. In this video I give you guys my thoughts and a brief update about how I have been since being dismissed from m Feb 13, 2024 · A judge in Boston has dismissed a series of lawsuits against Harvard Medical School over the theft of human remains from its morgue, saying that the school has immunity under a law governing body . I was just dismissed from a DO school due to poor grades. In this podcast episode, host Ryan Orwig sits down with Mike, a former STATMed Learning Class participant. Look at the dates and deadlines in those now, as they’re normally Jun 3, 2007 · 97. Jul 17, 2005 · I have been dismissed from med school after completing two years. There are options available to you. Aug 20, 2001 · Also, if you apply there or any other Caribbean med school, you'd better come up with a strong case to convince them that whatever behavior got you dismissed from a US school will not occur again. The summer before starting a U. Students are looking to sue the school, but it is very expensive. The Court’s findings are summarized in Table 4. (I had an undiagnosed anxiety disorder that interfered with my studies. Hello: Pending Dean appeal, even though the letter states final decision. Jul 10, 2019. This could be a result of criminal activity, poor behavior, or failure to pass assessments. Now, this is very common in the U. Consistent missed time due to health can be a dismissal from the program. Nov 17, 2022 · Hello, I was recently dismissed from a U. Depending on the reasons for your dismissal Jun 8, 2022 · The Appeal Process. #5. Mike shares his crisis point, when he was dismissed from med school, and outlines his path to ultimately achieving his dream of becoming an emergency room physician. Your ability to get in will most likely depend on whether you show that you can learn from your mistakes. •. I did ok (B's & C's) during my first two years, then failed level 1, advised to take a medical leave of absence, failed again, and then dismissed. The study, which examined 27,504 student surveys representing all 140 accredited medical schools in the Nov 23, 2020 · The medical school's curricular governance committee ensures that each medical student is assessed and provided with formal formative feedback early enough during each required course or clerkship to allow sufficient time for remediation. Alternatives like Dental school or PA will be unlikely as well. U. S. Some background: They were dismissed for academic reasons after failing a couple of first-year classes and then failing again during her remediation year. The Court held that the decision to dismiss the student from medical school was based on a careful and deliberate evaluation by the faculty, and thus the student's dismissal was not a violation of her constitutional rights. Supreme Court ruling), it should go without saying that Al-Dabagh's dismissal falls within the realm of reason too. I was dismissed this week from a US medical school after completing all of my 1-4th year requirements because I failed step 2CK for the 3rd time. I was told the terms of academic probation, that failure of either the fall or spring semester course I’m now a laboratory administrator director, working on a project for my Master’s. Student Loan Planner® has done over 10,000 individual consultations advising on more than $2,000,000,000 worth of student debt. Similarly, medical school students often see fellow students from undergraduate programs traveling, volunteering, and living Instagram-ready lifestyles Debt. songan said: I was dismissed from dental school in my fourth year from an expensive private dental school and have not been able to find a job, not even fast food. Jul 27, 2017 · Medical training is akin to a roller coaster pulling you through the highest of highs and the lowest of lows. Can med school dropouts still become doctors? Today I talk all about this, along with some specific discussions of how Caribbean medical schools differ from In reality, ppl who succeed in any given MD/DO school would succeed regardless of the “tier” of school they’re in. I was dismissed this fall from my osteopathic med school, failed level 1 twice. Apr 25, 2016 · This continues on when our financial aid department runs your credit report to assess your eligibility for financial aid (so if you have previous school loans - that will be known). They are giving the option to gracefully exit and preserve your future prospects - take it. Medical Student Communities. I am not blaming the school, and I cannot do anything about my dismissed status. Right now I have ~$192,000 in federal student loans from med school, $81k in private Oct 22, 2020 · Thursday, Oct. My friend could not get into a single med school after they were dismissed. The fact that you were dismissed is a huge red flag. There is an appeal process at most schools for dismissal but it depends on what for. Jun 17, 2017 · Tell the school your plan , get treated, and get re-instated. Mar 22, 2021 · Hello. I was dismissed from med school a couple months ago during my second year (due to academic concerns). Joined Aug 6, 2021 Messages 36 Reaction score 18. 167. Oct 21, 2010 · And if a dismissal from medical school for poor hygiene and untimeliness falls within the realm of reason (citing a U. I cannot rely on parents for support for the crushing debt burden. I'd really like some advice. School refuses to follow handbook guidelines for forced repeat of the year after 3 fails. You may contact attorneys Clifford Sep 12, 2009 · Doctor said: When he/she went to medical school, most in-state schools were probably in the $2500 to $5000 range, unless they're still in their early 30s. school, for failing to pass the level 1 exam. #6. Yes, the academic dismissal will be a negative. Most states allow three or unlimited attempts for Dec 16, 2020 · I have a lot of classmates who did a lot of extra things during medical school AND volunteered AND did research AND got high grades on the exams. 6. A dismissal is an almost instant no for almost all US osteopathic and allopathic medical schools if you tried to reapply. He is in Dec 12, 2023 · Common reasons for disciplinary dismissal include academic dishonesty and poor ratings for professionalism. , _____ is a basic component of practitioner competence. Facing Dismissal, now trying to figure out what to do. The critical question is how much due process is required. They said I was not allowed to sit for test unless I finish the program. Apr 5, 2023 · Sep 30, 2008. Other rotations have I was then invited to explain my case to the school progress committee. During COVID, due to a death in the family I took a leave of absence for a year and pushed my exam a year. [deleted] ADMIN MOD. I am still in shock b/c I thought I would get a lesser degreee of discipline for I did. From undergrad and medical school I currently owe over $287,000 in student loans. ago. allopathic medical school, I had a nervous breakdown after four years of sexual abuse and was psychiatrically hospitalized for two months, then subsequently diagnosed with post traumatic No. 5 years. mockinggene12 said: I was a D2 student at a dental school on the east coast but was dismissed due to poor academic performance, due to a few medical issues I was facing (severe anxiety and panic attacks, a pre-existing metabolic disorder, and resurfacing of rape trauma due to a sexual assault case in my apartment building). Kain shares his interesting journey Jan 24, 2012 · Reaction score. Recently (In January 2009) I withdrew from medical school. O. Feb 25, 2021 · Aarthi Swaminathan. Let me start from the beginning. Medical Students (MD) 4th year about to get dismissed! Please help! junee1007. #19. You’re not overqualified for any med school regardless of your stats. Having a record of your visits to the psychiatry definitely helps. I was recently dismissed in September from my Osteopathic Medical School due to having attempted and failed COMLEX Level 1 twice. Mar 16, 2017. Jan 13, 2007 · Accepting nominations now through March 31st. STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES FACING DISMISSAL FROM UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS. I am being non academically dismissed from a DO school after completing my first year. . , _____ is an end point evaluation typically completed at the end Apr 2, 2013 · 3. Apr 22, 2018 · My personal opinion as just another student is withdrawal always looks better than dismissal. I was diagnosed with having a severe depression earlier this month and brought it to the attention of the school, however, it was not enough for them to keep me enrolled to repeat the year. The NMBE website currently has no caps on the amount of times one can attempt each step and announced that in Jan 2012 it's capping it Jan 23, 2007 · Being belligerent only pisses them off. Personally, being a very very very average person in my class, I worked 25-30 hours a week during the whole medical school, including all clinical rotations (i just recently quit for step 2 studying) . In my case, faculty and students were pitted so hard against one another, so much conflict, that I was given one chance to pass Step1. On the one hand, medical school is extremely challenging but rest assured, it is very tough to get dismissed from medical school. So I really just think I failed out of medical school. I started Premed in 2006, basic sciences in 2008. Show your legal hand _only if_ you run out of options, aka, dismissal and no more appeals. I know someone at a US MD school who was reinstated 2 years after academic dismissal. medical schools are extremely supportive and want you to succeed. I had a friend who was dismissed from med school. Jul 25, 2017. Jan 3, 2014 · I was recently dismissed from DO school with 6 figures of debt. theResilient said: The previous academic year I almost singlehandedly caused a tenured professor in the program to resign and work at another medical school because she revealed private information about me to other classmates. Realize that if you are dismissed, the chances of you getting into any health professional school again in this country, ie, medical, nursing, etc is not very good. It shines a bright light on the dark, repressive forces driving academia, ideological groupthink, cancel culture, and Covid extremism. I had an alcohol violation that stayed on my record and was sent to the medical schools I applied too. Well this is a faster turnaround than I was expecting! To update you all, I have been spared from dismissal! I will have this in my file, which is extremely fair, but they have faith that I have learned my lesson. Jul 25, 2017 · 1,342. Apr 1, 2013. Jun 29, 2021 · The medical school in Montserrat subsequently sued the commission, but the case was dismissed in a U. Law2Doc said: It's not easy to get "expelled" for failing out (if we are talking US allo med schools). Going to the Caribbean would not be good for your mental health. Failure to provide due process is raised in many cases of medical student and resident dismissal. The appeal must be made by writing a letter to the Department Chair outlining the reasons the student does not agree to the dismissal. Your medical school MUST signpost you to the appeals procedure. Preston, UK Program Site. Jan 3, 2024 · Even after failing or dropping out of medical school, you can create a clear path to paying back student loans, one that could save you a bunch of money in the long run. This forum made possible through the generous support of SDN members, donors, and sponsors. This is just a horror story, but my school dismissed me because I did not pass the USMLE Step 2 exam on my 3rd attempt. As far as successfully appealing your dismissal. Feb 27, 2020 · Medical school dismissals at public universities must comply with 14 th Amendment Due Process. Phone: +1 721-545-2298. Dec 2, 2011. I started at my program in 2020 with the class of 2024, couldn't pass my courses ( made a lot of the typical college-> medschool mistakes), and was approved to repeat the year with the class of 2025. For pre-PA help, check out /r/prephysicianassistant. The reverse is also true. I was getting email to re-activate my acceptance while enrolled at the other. Any feedback is appreciated. Spinning the truth or giving only half-truths pops out on the institutional action description or discussion of a Jul 27, 2021 · Flat out dismissal from medical school due to failed comats is unheard of. Jun 20, 2017 · Help all. Dec 29, 2008. My move to the school was the beginning of my first time living away from home. Currently I am trying to consider any possible options for the future. Hb19; Mar 11, 2019; Replies 45 Views 10K. Through Kevin’s own telling of his Today’s poster is a student who will be 35 years old by the time they apply to medical school. I was a medical laboratory scientist before med school so I just went back into the laboratory, got extra training and became a specialist in bloodbanking, and eventually moved up to management. artificial immunity, school closures and disease transmission, aerosol spread, mask mandates, and vaccine effectiveness and safety, especially How One ER Doc Built a Dream Career After Initially Failing Out of Med School In this series, we‘re talking about something people rarely discuss: failing i Oct 28, 2023 · Hey everyone. Hi, I have a low GPA around 2. Then you have no choice. osteopathic medical school for academic reasons (failing courses during my first year) and I’m weighing my options for the future. And in med school you generally get Mar 16, 2017 · Dismissed from medical school NOT due to academics. And PA students may be interested in /r/PAstudent for discussions about PA school. You may eventually reapply to medical school in the future. The majority, if not all, of Caribbean medical schools, will “force” you to take a pretest a USMLE Step 1 pretest. 0 with 20+ credit hours/semester for nearly 3 years straight after my dismissal to fight back from around a 1. COVID situation is hitting my area very hard. The more important thing is how you recover from it afterwards. 4,493. $135k/year. 2) To my knowledge, we accepted two students who were dismissed from US medical schools and neither ended up finishing our program. I failed histology for 2 points (literal points not percents). The school board and committee decided to dismiss him from school while being in his 3rd year; what are options Feb 19, 2022 · Dismissal from medical school indicates that an individual was “fired” or “kicked out” for a cause. That said, I do know one person who managed it (a long while back) so technically possible. Ok, I need some help here. They would have to prove cause. Thank you. Medical school students are being mistreated by fellow students, medical faculty, and supervising residents based on their race, gender, and sexual orientation, according to a new study led by Yale University researchers. May 1, 2017 · I was recently dismissed from AUA after failing to pass the Comprehensive Clinical Sciences Shelf Exam (CCSE) which is now required to pass with a 83 or higher with max 5 attempts. Put some years and growth/reflection between you and the withdrawal and you may have a shot at acceptance again. May 18, 2021. Hi everyone, maybe someone could be kind enough to help me out with my situation. And if they were dismissed for 'being bad' and from a Carribean school at that, it's a huge obstacle. 40. Jul 19, 2007 · I sincerely doubt any US DO school would take someone who failed Step 1 3 times coming from a Caribbean school. Mar 8, 2006. Dismissed from Medical School at end of 3rd Residency is going to be significantly harder than medical school both in regards to the toll it takes on your health and the extremely limited amount of free time you will have. At mec school x, we received grades. I've been spending a lot of time thinking about what my options are and where to go next. [Update] Facing dismissal from medical school OMS-I. Forums. Feb 24, 2020 · February 24, 2020. Patient safety is deemed to be threatened if a student lacks insight into the consequences of their behavior for working in a Transferring schools is insanely hard. Mar 10, 2019 · Just to clarify failure is an indication that one cannot handle medical school curriculum podiatric medical school included. And Im pretty sure I failed anatomy and embryology. Sep 9, 2020. Passed USMLE Step 1 with a score in the 230s in 2011, Failed my first attempt at Step 2 CS in 2013, completed Aug 17, 2019 · Oct 23, 2019. Those dismissals at private colleges and universities are assessed based on whether the dismissal accurately and fairly follows the school’s own published policies, usually found in the Student Handbook and sometimes in a Clinical Course Handbook. Mar 5, 2012 · I was recently dismissed (technically I withdrew but dismissal was eminent) from medical school. Aug 17, 2009. #3. Short story: I was academically DISMISSED from a Caribbean medical school, but have the chance to re-activated app fr a 2nd Caribbean that I was accepted to when process started. Messages. Caribbean medical schools, on the other But I am being dismissed from Med school. Still, he got interviews with medical schools and has now been accepted to the University of Central Florida, where he will begin his medical school journey at 42 years old. Disciplinary dismissal is the most common type of student removal in medical education programs. Aug 30, 2013 · Your options for attending another medical school (MD or DO) in this country are pretty slim (to none). That sounds odd to. Or suggestions, mostly suggestions. She acknowledged the medical school had previously moved to dismiss her, before relenting. Apr 5, 2023. Duncan are both licensed in Kansas and Missouri, the issues for medical students and residents are virtually the same throughout the United States and our firm can, if necessary, affiliate with local counsel anywhere in the country to provide representation in a medical residency case. However, I ended up getting kicked out because I failed a class twice. Some states only allow two attempts per any USMLE step exam. Voltr221 said: I was just recently dismissed from a D. Reaction score. Nguyen, who said she was not a member of the patient's treatment team, stated there were issues during her time at UCLA Medical School that left her fearful of being dismissed. Although the stats and competition to be accepted are obvi well below MD I don't think OP could walk into podiatry school if he was dismissed due to failure to academically perform. How you conduct yourself as a student and professional matters greatly to medical schools. For background I had a ton of family stuff going on, my dad was admitted to the hospital the first day of class and was in the hospital for the whole first From the Newsweek article: I can see now that the scientific community from the CDC to the WHO to the FDA and their representatives, repeatedly overstated the evidence and misled the public about its own views and policies, including on natural vs. 17 years of medical school while actually being enrolled for (and paying out-of-state tuition for) 4. Jan 9, 2024 · Other times medical school students meet partners, build families, or face other shifts in priorities that make them question the amount of time they have to commit to their medical education. In August 2007, I was accepted to med school x. : r/medicalschool. as well, but the U. The reason why they get sketchy about med school applicants who also apply to med school is that they go out of their way in school to let you know you’re not a physician. #2. #1. Ultimately, when no improvement is seen despite remediation efforts, the third (and final) phase, gather evidence for dismissal, is reached. I was dismissed not only for what my dean called "poor academic performance"(which is not true because I scored at the top of my M2 class), but also a lack of interpersonal communication skill because I supposedly failed a Oct 31, 2006 · If you have been dismissed from medical school. My contact with them has been somewhat limited, so I may be Feb 23, 2012 · You can attempt rematriculation into another Caribbean medical school, but your options really start to become limited. Apr 8, 2009 · Reapplying to med schools after "forced withdraw". It wasn't like today, a world of ridiculous, where in-state tuitions are $25000 to $35000. Jul 14, 2015. This is the way. February 25, 2021 at 10:14 AM·8 min read. This is not a gateway to that or a way around becoming one. I can go into further detail via PM as I am trying to maintain anonymity. 0. Once the Chair receives the letter, they Navigating A Med School Crisis Point. marsmddo Full Member. Feb 2, 2024. A theme that exists in many of the appeals our firm handles on behalf of students facing dismissal from their educational programs is the existence of disabilities—diagnosed and undiagnosed—in those students. Wtf is an AIS score. So, despite my completing and passing all my required classes and Oct 16, 2004 · I'm a fourth year medical student with one remaining semester at a major US allopathic school, and it looks like there's a good chance that I'll be dismissed for failing a rotation for a second time, and asking two residents for a script for a non-narcotic sleeping aid. Please review our forum rules before contributing. To start with, they were academically dismissed from undergrad, then they transferred credits to community college, and now they want to finish at another four-year While Mr. the teacher is pretty young, dropped out of med school in around 2000. 22nd 2020. Since you've already failed Step One twice, your options are already limited for licensure after residency. I still want to become a doctor. Hello, I'm new to SDN so bear with me please. sunshinefl. Jun 23, 2005 · Reaction score. Jan 5, 2018 · I was dismissed from a US medical school due to poor academic performance. I maintained a 4. Basically what happened is that I did not complete a step 1 board boot camp program before taking my step 1. ️Serious. Mar 15, 2017 · 7,009. There is also a thread in osteo about this where someone was dismissed after failing COMLEX several times and finally got back in at another school and Dec 28, 2008 · 167. I now have a doctor's debt but do not have a doctor salary. Plain and simple, most U. Fax: +1 721-545-2440. ·Reporter. I failed and was dismissed. Jan 30, 2023 · We dismissed as "grifters" those who represented their interests. I was talking to her about possibly going into: -Pharmacy -Dentistry -CLS -DO. Try the lesser-known, lower-"tiered," Caribbean schools, I guess: Spartan, Caribbean Medical University, anywhere that doesn't allow grads to practice in California (usually they seem to be far less competitive to get into). Mei_Flower1996 • 1 yr. May 18, 2021 · Medical Student Sues After Dismissal From School. 98, did my undergrad double major in biophysics and biochemistry but had a really high MCAT (it's expired now because I took it back in 2001) so a US medical school took a chance and admitted me. I came from a small liberal arts school to X school where the rigor of the material was vastly different and my previous study skills were nonexistent. Reactions: 1 user M. schools typically have a lot more flexibility with when you’re taking it, the scores, and helping you through this process. On Friday a plaintiff, who wishes to remain anonymous for privacy reasons, filed a complaint against the University Nov 15, 2007 · The administration/dean at any medical school is the best source of information on what options are out there for anyone who finds themselves either in danger of academic dismissal or non-academic dismissal. With a repeated year, failed classes, and withdrawal/dismissal- getting back into medicine will be nearly impossible. Hey Everyone . Cyrena Paulin, a 53-year-old who enrolled at GW in August 2007, filed a lawsuit Jan. I do not want to try to get into medical school again (MD/DO/Foreign). Note to readers: we are proud to release the first part of an exclusive essay series by Kevin Bass on his suspension from medical school. I need your advice! I'm a 3rd year Osteopathic Medical Student and I've just been dismissed for failure of the COMLEX Level I 3 times. Hello everyone, I have a friend who was recently dismissed from a caribbean medical school after not being able to pass the required NBME test before the actual STEP 1 exam. 19, after she did not receive a diploma Participation is open to anyone, including PAs, Physicians, NPs, nurses, students, other medical professionals, and the general public. #17. As others have mentioned, you can appeal their decision. I am trying to find some guidance for someone I know who was recently dismissed from an osteopathic medical school. When you do you will need to disclose why you were dismissed, address how the issue has been resolved and why you believe that you will now be successful. Mar 14, 2019. pm pp lp vx pn ie by qv pz kt