Scrf gaussian

Scrf gaussian. Dec 21, 2022 · $\begingroup$ Usually Gaussian gives you the total energies. Jan 5, 2017 · By default, population and other analysis procedures use the SCF density (i. chk. Freeze the coordinate in the optimization. This web site is a collection of half-truths and outright misstatements. Jul 29, 2019 · Exploring Chemistry with Electronic Structure Methods. Obsolete Keywords and Deprecated Features. In this way, Gaussian starts again, and you can always save these two jobs in two separate files. -6: Read coefficients of field, starting with electric field, up through 34 elements (hexadecapoles) in free format, blank terminated. By default, a Harris guess is used. 001 electrons/Bohr 3 density. GaussView 6 Help. Next, add input after the geometry specification to tell Link 608 what kind of calculation you are doing. Cossi, N. There are several ways in which the nuclear configuration can be specified: as a Z-matrix, as Cartesian coordinates, or as a mixture of the two (note that Cartesian coordinates are just a special case of the Z-matrix). This is usually accomplished via two separate keywords within the route section of the input file, although a few method keywords imply a choice Jun 16, 2017 · Initial guess generated from fragment guesses or fragment SCF solutions. 100: Read in replacement radii for selected atom types as pairs (IAn,Rad) or (Symbol,Rad), terminated by a blank Aug 14, 2016 · The full breakdown of the energy is not part of the normal output, but you can get it with two changes change to your input. . It can add hydrogens to the retrieved structure when imported or at a later time. The combination of method and basis set specifies a model chemistry to Gaussian, specifying the level of theory. I am doing some calculation with following method in Gaussian 09 for some of my systems. gjf) by removing the first line (n atoms) and the second line (title card) and replacing them with the charge & multiplicity card ("q m", i. Jan 5, 2017 · The layers are conventionally known as the Low, Medium and High layers. 26). edu. Blank line. However there are some differences in the SCRF modules between G09 and G03 and I here present some of them To get deltaG of solvation you have to perform two calculations: one in gas-phase and one using SMD model and then take the difference in those energies. Dump FileIO tables at the end of each link. Aug 14, 2016 · Historical Documents. GaussView provides many graphical tools that by Donald Bashford, St. in a file name. Do a gp opt then freq and do the same with the solvent. Oct 20, 2016 · G09Defaults. The first two extracted items in its output are the title and route sections from the job: Checkpoint file myfile. 65 eV Aug 1, 2007 · Gaussian 03 Online Manual Last update: 1 August 2007: SCRF. This calculation type method requests that the stability of the Hartree-Fock or DFT wavefunction be tested. Basis Sets; Density Functional (DFT) Methods; Solvents List SCRF Sep 11, 2017 · The Counterpoise keyword requires an integer value specifying the number of fragments or monomers in the molecular structure: e. , 105 (2005) 2999-3093. This is the default for IRC=GradientOnly calculations. Aug 15, 2016 · The chkchk utility will show you information about the job that created a checkpoint file. 20: Force CHELP (Francl) recommended radii. This approach, which was also available in Gaussian 03, adds SCRF to a normal excited state calculation such as TD or CIS. Last updated on: 22 August 2019. States for which spin orbit coupling is computed. Last updated on: 20 October 2016. Intensities are also computed. This method works for all SCRF methods. Cammi, “Quantum mechanical continuum solvation models,” Chem. e. CASSCF improvements for active spaces ≥ (10,10) increase performance and make active spaces of up to 16 orbitals feasible (depending on the molecular system). Mennucci, and R. but one thing has not been seen just what does Dec 23, 2015 · Gaussian里TDDFT计算时写上诸如SCRF=solvent=xxx就能在TDDFT计算时使用表现xxx溶剂的PCM溶剂模型。前面提到的线性响应(LR)和态特定(SS)方式都能支持，详情如下 线性响应模型(LR)：是SCRF关键词默认的。对耗时增加不多，而且TDDFT依然有解析梯度，因此最适合激发态几何优化。 Mar 20, 2019 · After the geometry, leave a blank line. This differs from the coordinate system used in most texts, where a unit step of one is used for the change in interatomic distance (in a diatomic). Models. Then, on the following line, type: --Link1--. -7: Same as 0. Barone, “Energies, structures, and electronic properties of molecules in solution with the C-PCM solvation model,” J. B, 113 (2009) 6378-96. obtaining the wavefunction. Last updated on: 20 May 2021. But in Keywords and options specifying details for a PCM calculation (SCRF=PCM, CPCM or IEFPCM) may be specified in an additional blank-line terminated input section provided that the Read option is also specified. Jun 5, 2016 · 4 scrf里写CPCM或PCM或IEFPCM Gaussian里scrf默认就用PCM，也等价于写IEFPCM，显然写PCM或IEFPCM纯属多余。有些人盲目效仿文献，明明默认的PCM原理更严格，非要专门写CPCM用CPCM，完全莫名其妙！PS：对于算能量（激发能不算）的场合，应尽量用SMD模型。 Jun 26, 2020 · 我在Gaussian的说明书里找到了这样的描述，我理解的是read是只读取初猜，而tcheck是可能读取，也可能是自己产生一个新的，不知道对不对？ 如果是这样的话，那什么时候产生新的，什么时候读取呢？ 另外，这两个关键词在使用的时候有什么讲究嘛？ This approach, which was also available in Gaussian 03, adds SCRF to a normal excited state calculation such as TD or CIS. Gaussian has the ability to test the stability of a single-determinant wavefunction with respect to relaxing various constraints [ Seeger77, Bauernschmitt96 ] (see also [ Schlegel91a ]). Every Gaussian job must specify both a method and basis set. But in I actually have a general question about the differences between SCRF=PCM and SCRF=SMD in G09. -4: Read components of moments off RWF 521 on Feb 27, 2014 · Comments on the “Banned by Gaussian” Website. Water H2O. The format of the file is the same on all computer systems. In Gaussian 16, MO:MM ONIOM calculations can optionally take advantage of electronic embedding [] within ONIOM calculations, which enables both the steric and electrostatic properties of the entire molecule to be taken into account when modeling processes in the high accuracy layer. The interaction between the solute charges and the polarized electric field of the solvent is described as the reaction field operator VR and then set into the self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) procedure. Solvent=item Selects the solvent in which the calculation is to be performed. ONIOM, SCRF solvation and all major properties are supported, as are all DFT functionals available in Gaussian 16, making the most frequently-run Gaussian calculations applicable to execution with GPUs. Description. guess_for_high. Yale University, Department of Chemistry 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520. Marenich, C. Low level calculation on the real system. I calculated the optimized geometry of the ground state, then I lau Jun 1, 2016 · 评分 Rate. Sep 7, 2009 · Gaussian 03, the popular electronic structure calculation suite of programs, includes the necessary modules for performing calculations in a solvated environment using the continuum models approximations. Rega, G. These include: Sep 22, 2015 · 看错误的提示是counterpoise不能与scrf一起用，但是我在气相校正时用的是BSSE校正，如果在水相下如果不用BSSE校正，出来的结果与气相对比合理吗？ 计算所用的gjf和计算的out文件在附件中。 You can also change the iop (2/9=2,5/6=6,5/7=999) say this was initial iop and convergence failure occurred. その形式は，1行に2つのフリーフォーマット実数を並べたものです。. List of Gaussian Keywords # ADMP; BD; BOMD; CacheSize; CASSCF; CBS Methods; CBSExtrapolate; CCD and CCSD; Charge; ChkBasis 1. Tight Requests an increased density of points for more accurate integration. There's a white paper on thermochemistry you might want to enjoy. The relationship between these two quantities is given by the following equation: [Equation 4] where f i is the (dimensionless) oscillator strength corresponding to the electronic excitation of First is the SCF convergence, i. 若在Linux系统下进行计算，输出的chk文件为二进制无法跨平台查看 (要在计算的服务器里进行转换)，因此需要转换为fchk文件才可在Windows系统下查看，转换方法如下：. 要研究生毕业起码先把Gaussian拼对。. Jan 1, 2023 · 1. Jan 8, 2019 · The Guess keyword controls the initial guess for the Hartree-Fock wavefunction. One of the most successful posts this blog has ever published was on certain nuances of the solvation calculations on PCM in G03. , Counterpoise=2. 计算任何问题 Jan 5, 2017 · Program Development Features. May 17, 2021 · The following basis sets are stored internally in the Gaussian 16 program (see references cited for full descriptions), listed below by their corresponding Gaussian 16 keyword (with two exceptions): STO-3G [ Hehre69, Collins76 ] 3-21G [ Binkley80a, Gordon82, Pietro82, Dobbs86, Dobbs87, Dobbs87a ] 6-21G [ Binkley80a, Gordon82 ] Jun 9, 2009 · This approach, which was also available in Gaussian 03, adds SCRF to a normal excited state calculation such as TD or CIS. Interchange orbitals 16 and 19. May 31, 2023 · Last updated on: 31 May 2023. Using the G16W Program. This keyword restore the calculation defaults from Gaussian 09. Tomasi, B. You can use g03default option with scrf Jan 27, 2022 · In Gaussian, a new solvent (other than solvents proposed by software itself) could be defined as: # SCRF (solvent=generic, read) and, in the molecula r specifications section after leaving a blank Remove the coordinate from the definition list (but not the related coordinates). This keyword requests that a calculation be performed in the presence of a solvent, using one of the following models: The Onsager model [281,282,283,284,565,566], which places the solute in a spherical cavity within the solvent reaction field. It seems to me that N,N-DMFA is not completely defined in this version? Sep 8, 2014 · # ub3lyp/lanl2dz scrf=(iefpcm,solvent=thf) geom=connectivity pop=full i got very strange values for HOMO and LUMO and very small band gap as HOMO= -3. 中文版Exploring Chemistry（探索化学的奥秘：电子结构方法）已发布. , the Hartree-Fock density for post-SCF methods; the DFT density for DFT jobs, and the CASSCF density for CAS jobs). The following subsections describe the types of information which can be supplied in the defaults file. “電子構造論による化学の探究・第3版”日本語版が出版されました．. Truhlar, “Universal solvation model based on solute electron density and a continuum model of the solvent defined by the bulk dielectric constant and atomic surface tensions,” J. Subtract. By default, the force constants are determined analytically if possible, by single numerical differentiation for methods for which only first derivatives are available, and by double numerical differentiation Marenich09. Gaussian Test Jobs. This calculation-type keyword computes force constants and the resulting vibrational frequencies. Keywords within this section follow general Gaussian input rules. # opt=(calcfc,ts) wb97xd/6-31+g(d,p) scrf=(solvent=water) With the smaller basis set I was hoping to approximate a TS structure and use it as a starting structure for a larger basis set. Apr 23, 2020 · The Geom keyword specifies the source of the molecule specification input, options related to coordinate definitions, and geometry-related output. Implicit and explicit solvation methods. Scrocco, and J. Vibrational Analysis in Gaussian. S. 01] Quick Links. D. Apr 14, 2016 · Gaussian is known to mess things up when there are non-ordinary characters like _-. Spin orbit coupling. Jan 5, 2017 · Stable. Rou, and it is located in the Gaussian 16W scratch subdirectory (e. SCRF (Self-Consistent Reaction Field) is a method of accounting for the effect of a polarizable solvent (and optionally, a classical macromolecular system) on the quantum system. Program Development Keywords. Ethanol CH3CH2OH. 打开gaussian→utilities→formchk→导入chk文件→在对话框中输入 Oct 14, 2019 · Gaussian 16 is the latest in the Gaussian series of programs. QC or DIIS. It also does not matter which converger you choose, i. It is maybe a good idea to not write the whole route section in one line. Gaussian 16 is licensed for a wide variety of computer systems. Layer assignments are specified as part of the molecule specification (see below). 1021/cr9904009 May 24, 2013 · where 3 is the number of atoms. Way A) I first run optimization and frequency jobs for the isolated molecule in the gas phase. MCSCF converged. May 25, 2016 · scrf里写solvent=xxx即可，xxx是溶剂名字。 比如如果想用SMD溶剂模型表现乙醇溶剂，就写scrf(SMD,solvent=ethanol)。 支持的溶剂在Gaussian手册scrf关键词部分的末尾有罗列，不要随意自行发挥去写溶剂名。 It is becoming a bit of a habit of Gaussian to kick out these errors every time I try a TS using a frame from mod red scan bond length. In a gaussian file, the above coordinate system would look like M. Oct 24, 2011 · Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM) in G09 (Part II) Date: October 24, 2011 Author: joaquinbarroso 25 Comments. This step is necessary for any calculation, without it the Gaussian crashes. Don't forget to use the same chk, and the keywords Geom=Check Guess=Read in the input route. It uses the Gaussian software suite of programs as its tool for exploring molecular systems and chemical reactions. It also controls what geometry-related information is printed and use of Oct 29, 1999 · The short answer is that Gaussian uses a coordinate system where the normalized cartesian displacement is one unit. Methanol CH3OH. You can cluster similar commands (like pop statements) in one line, etc. Calculate numerical second derivatives for the row and column of the initial Hessian for this coordinate. How . hedstrom@yale. The density to be used can be specified with the Density keyword. 45 eV band gap= 0. , 55 (1981) 117-29. Gaussian’s are defined for all elements up to 112. : "0 1"). Specifically, orbital-by-orbital population analysis is requested with the Gaussian Tip: Defining Solvents for SMD Calculations Gaussian offers many pre-defined solvents, which are specified as keywords to the SCRF=Solvent option. 100: Read in replacement radii for selected atom types as pairs (IAn,Rad) or (Symbol,Rad), terminated by a blank Sep 9, 2017 · I have encountered the same problem when trying to use DMFA with SCRF=Read (in my case, also Dis Rep, along with Cav and Surface=SAS). Apr 23, 2020 · The step is the change between the most recent point and the next to be computed (the sum of the linear and quadratic steps). Versions of Gaussian. Perform a relaxed potential energy surface scan. as suggested in I have tried scrf=(smd,solvent=warter, oniompcm=x) and scrf=(check, oniompcm=x) and neither worked. TOTAL -152. Changes Between Gaussian 16 and Gaussian 09. Acetonitrile CH3CN. The information you need is in the online G16 Dec 16, 2020 · Freq. Note that the solvent may also be specified in the input stream in various ways for the different SCRF methods. As far as I know, in theory SMD includes corrections for CDS (cavitation, dispersion and solvent Gaussian recognized some of the most popular solvents just by name (like water, methanol and so on): see their website for the full list. Tomasi, “Electrostatic Interaction of a Solute with a Continuum. As far as I know, in theory SMD includes corrections for CDS Mar 11, 2022 · The following features of Gaussian 16 and GaussView 6 are useful for modeling fluorescence in this compound: GaussView can directly open files from the Protein Data Bank (PDB files). Miertus81. Table S2. In this piece, I will simply refer to “the authors of Jul 15, 2019 · Under Windows, the Gaussian defaults file is Default. Related Keywords. C. Interfacing to Gaussian. Gaussian 16 Utilities. First, add ExtraLinks=L608 to the route section for your calculation. 溶剂化能是指溶质由气相到液相的能量变化，你所做的是单晶中有溶剂分子存在时的情况吧，这个好像不能用溶剂化算吧。. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis, updated October 26, 2011. So E(PMP2) is what you need. This technique employs a linear response formalism by adding the necessary terms to the excited state method equations (thereby including the solvent effects on the excited states) [ Cammi00 , Cossi01 ] . Jan 5, 2017 · Changes Between Gaussian 16 and Gaussian 09. 10 如何将chk文件转换为fchk文件. -5: Read components of electric field only from /Gen/ on checkpoint file. DiethylEther Ethylether Ether. Jun 21, 2017 · This scheme is a simplification of actual ONIOM procedures in Gaussian. The vibrational analysis of polyatomics in Gaussian is not different from that Gaussian 03 Online Manual Last update: 1 August 2007: SCRF. 00eV LUMO= -2. Be sure that you are on a minimum Oct 21, 2016 · SCRF calculation — multiply moments by fudge factor for charged species. Miertuš, E. May 20, 2021 · Interchange orbitals 10 and 13. Geom may be used to specify an alternate input source. There are several enhancements to the GEDIIS optimization algorithm. This section documents keywords and options useful for developers who are extending and/or interfacing to Gaussian 16. To address every misrepresentation would produce a very long document, so I will limit myself to addressing some of the more outrageous statements and implications. This keyword is not meaningful without an option. By default, the volume is computed to an accuracy of about 10%. The available keywords are listed in a separate subsection following the Aug 30, 2022 · Use Gaussian’s atomic density expansions instead of HLY’s. Then calculation of SCRF=PCM with the optimized geometry. Svante Hedström*, Benjamin Rudshteyn, Subhajyoti Chaudhuri, and Victor S. This keyword requests that the molecular volume be computed, defined as the volume inside a contour of 0. Change the diagonal element for this coordinate in the initial Hessian to diag-elem. It is a practical choice for such calculations on large molecules. Among such models, the Polarizable Continuum Model ( PCM) is one of the most widely used methods since it meets a good compromise between # opt=(calcfc,ts) wb97xd/6-31+g(d,p) scrf=(solvent=water) With the smaller basis set I was hoping to approximate a TS structure and use it as a starting structure for a larger basis set. svante. Consider first the case with only a polarizable solvent. DiChloroEthane 1,2-DiChloroEthane CH2ClCH2Cl This approach, which was also available in Gaussian 03, adds SCRF to a normal excited state calculation such as TD or CIS. Route Defaults Aug 30, 2022 · Use Gaussian’s atomic density expansions instead of HLY’s. [G16 Rev. Comp Jul 14, 2015 · 最近优化同一个物质，因为之前一直把geom=connectivity和最后的那些数字都删掉了 也没在意 今天偶然听说geom=connectivity可以不删，所以就保留了geom=connectivity和最后的数字，但是 输出文件相差好多，尤其是偶极矩、HOMO、LUMO及一些元素的电荷相差的实在是不能忽略 Gaussian can provide this information as part of the population analysis. Density fitting and Coulomb engine for pure DFT calculations, including automated generation of fitting basis sets. However, you're missing the freq stuff so that value won't help you at all. Phys. As far as I know, in theory SMD includes corrections for CDS (cavitation, dispersion and solvent J. Linda Manual (gzipped) Visualizing Results on Different Machines. g. 40: Force 2xUFF Radii. We recommend the new syntax for defining fragments (see Overview of Molecule Specifications ), and that is what is used in the examples. generate. G09 Citation. Erwin with his psi can do calculations quite a few. Way B) I do optimization and frequency May 2, 2017 · Gaussian 16 Capabilities. Optimize your molecule in its ground state (# opt freq PBE1PBE/cc-PVTZ ). The optimized Cartesian coordinates of stationary points for the reaction 1 + CH3COOBr with the SCRF-B3LYP/6-31G* method in water with the Gaussian 09 program package. It is equivalent to: Integral=(FineGrid,Acc2E=10) Constants=2006 SCRF=G09Defaults. Cramer, and D. Feb 27, 2018 · Molecule Specifications. Since a Monte-Carlo integration is done, the computed volume is only accurate to about two significant figures, but this is sufficient to I actually have a general question about the differences between SCRF=PCM and SCRF=SMD in G09. $\endgroup$ Jan 5, 2017 · Each line of a Z-matrix gives the internal coordinates for one of the atoms within the molecule. A Direct Utilization of ab initio Molecular Potentials for the Prevision of Solvent Effects,” Chem. I have now turned to QST3 using the first, last and Mar 14, 2018 · CASSCF improvements for active spaces ≥ (10,10) increase performance and make active spaces of up to 16 orbitals feasible (depending on the molecular system). The most-used Z-matrix format uses the following syntax: Element-label, atom 1, bond-length, atom 2, bond-angle, atom 3, dihedral-angle [ format-code] Although these examples use commas to separate items within a line, any valid separator may be This approach, which was also available in Gaussian 03, adds SCRF to a normal excited state calculation such as TD or CIS. Electron correlation-corrected energy. chk: Title: DMABN: Opt freq from saddle point found by first opt: acetonitrile Route: #N Geom=AllCheck Guess=TCheck SCRF=Check GenChk. Rev. G. Route section ( # lines ): Specify desired calculation type, model chemistry, and other options (blank line terminated). 1021/jp810292n. G16 IOps Reference. 1D, 2D, 3D periodic boundary conditions (PBC) energies & gradients (HF & DFT) Shared-memory (SMP), cluster/network and GPU-based parallel execution. Aug 9, 2018 · Gaussian中用scrf=solvent=x定义溶剂的时候，以下每一行的写法是等价的，因此可以挑简单的、便于记忆的形式写. So, one can decrease the convergence criteria say (5/6=5) or (5/6=4). The SCRF scheme can be briefly expressed as: Table 1. FDump is a synonym for this keyword. Dec 27, 2022 · I'm trying to learn how to plot emission spectrum for my system, but, as an initial test case, I'm trying to do this for methane. This section briefly summarizes the major differences between Gaussian 16 and Gaussian 09. A. DOI: 10. This input section specifies the nuclear positions and the number of electrons of α- and β-spin. The generalized densities for the MP2, MP3, MP4 (SDQ), QCISD, CCD, CCSD, CID, and CISD, BD, CIS, TD and SAC-CI methods are available. Indicates a CASSCF MP2 job. As the newest version, Exploring Chemistry with Electronic Structure Methods will provide you with the Gaussian09, scrf=smd or scrf=pcm? I actually have a general question about the differences between SCRF=PCM and SCRF=SMD in G09. Jan 5, 2017 · Volume. For well behaved molecules, as the prostaglandines (organics) most probably are, the solution should be found fast (<30 SCF cycles). 30: Force CHELPG (Breneman) recommended radii. Onsagerモデル ( SCRF=Dipole )の計算では，溶質半径（オングストローム単位）と溶媒の誘電率を，入力ストリームから読み込みます。. Gaussian 16 incorporates algorithmic improvements for significant speedup of the diagonal, second-order self Feb 19, 2018 · Use the first-order Euler integration for the predictor step along with the HPC corrector step. XYZ files can easily be converted into the format required by Gaussian input files (. You can also view, manipulate and modify the structure using the PDB chain Jun 4, 2001 · Keywords within this section follow general Gaussian input rules. A first approach calculates the free energy of solution by addition of the free energy of sublimation (taking the molecule in the crystalline phase and subliming it into the gaseous phase) and free energy of solvation (taking the molecule in its gaseous phase and solvating it into aqueous solution). Also Gaussian 09, rev. Jun 21, 2017 · The Gaussian output does not print the dipole strengths, D i, but instead reports the oscillator strengths, f i, for each electronic transition. 01. It also discusses the use of GaussView, PCModel, WebMO, and other graphical If you intend to use the DFT formalism then you should follow the next steps: 1. Chem. On the next line, the new job specification. J. High level calculation on the model system. All versions of Gaussian 16 contain every scientific/modeling feature, and none imposes any artificial limitations on calculations other than Jun 18, 2021 · The SCRF energy components listed in Table 4 were computed for two widely accepted polarizable continuum models, namely the IEF-PCM and CPCM, as implemented in Gaussian 16 (ref. 適切な溶質半径は（別のジョブステップで）気相分子 for ground and excited states (TD), and for closed shell and open shell molecules. , C:\G16W\scratch). The basic structure of a Gaussian input file includes several different sections: Link 0 Commands: Locate and name scratch files (not blank line terminated). Oct 2, 2006 · Since other, more accurate solvent models are available in Gaussian 03, this keyword has applicability only in preparation for frequency calculations using SCRF=Dipole. A retrospective summary of the features of Gaussian versions is available here. Scalmani, and V. Aug 22, 2019 · Command Line Options. 1016/0301-0104 (81)85090-2. 感谢，我也是觉得弄错了，所以相请老师们给点帮助和建议，十分感谢。. Dichloromethane MethyleneChloride CH2Cl2. Activate the coordinate for optimization if it has been frozen. The available keywords are listed at the end of the manual section for the SCRF keyword. Add the coordinate and build all related coordinates. See earlier sections of the manual for full details on these features (including references). It also discusses non-standard routes and the determination of the standard orientation. This is also the default algorithm for IRC calculations using an ONIOM (MO:MM) method. Mar 3, 2017 · Gaussian 16 uses an optimized memory algorithm to avoid I/O during CCSD iterations. Consider this as improving the readability of your input. It provides state-of-the-art capabilities for electronic structure modeling. 836259 . Chapter 9 of Exploring Chemistry with Electronic Structure Feb 19, 2018 · Gaussian 16 input consists of a series of lines in an ASCII text file. By default, atoms are placed into the High layer (from a certain point of view, any conventional calculation can be viewed as a one-layer ONIOM). By default, it is read from the input stream, as described previously. V. Batista. Thermochemistry in Gaussian. Marcus Theory with Gaussian and ADF — a Tutorial. Significant speedup of the core correlation energies for W1 compound model. ml ie wj ez to ri os dh ep vg